大量添加秸秆对松嫩平原盐碱地改良及玉米生长的影响OACSTPCD
Effects of large amount of straw addition on improvement of saline-alkali soil and maize growth in Songnen Plain
盐碱地改良及利用是保障我国耕地资源和粮食安全的重要途径.本文以秸秆添加 10 t·hm-2(T10)、20 t·hm-2(T20)、40 t·hm-2(T40)、80 t·hm-2(T80)为处理,以不添加秸秆为对照(CK),研究了秸秆添加量对松嫩平原苏打盐碱地土壤盐碱性质及玉米生长的影响.结果表明,与CK处理相比,秸秆添加处理均明显降低了玉米各生育时期0～30 cm土层土壤pH和电导率(EC).玉米成熟期,T20、T40、T80处理 0～30 cm土层土壤pH从CK处理的 9.5～10.4分别降低至9.0～9.1、9.1～9.4和9.2～9.7;EC分别从448～854 μS·cm-1 降低至123～353 μS·cm-1、188～402 μS·cm-1、302～445 μS·cm-1.CK处理种植玉米无法正常生长,秸秆添加处理均使玉米正常生长并有产量形成.T20、T40处理玉米各生育时期农艺指标、干物质量及根系构型的相关指标均显著高于T10处理.T40 和T80 处理玉米产量比T20处理分别显著增加 20.2%和 10.1%.重度盐碱地可以通过大量添加秸秆降低土壤盐碱性质以促进玉米生长及产量形成,秸秆适宜添加量为40 t·hm-2.
The improvement and utilization of saline-alkali soil is an important approach to ensure cultivated land resources and food security in China.In this paper,the treatments of 10 t·hm-2 straw addition(T10),20 t·hm-2 straw addition(T20),40 t·hm-2 straw addition(T40),80 t·hm-2(T80)straw addition,and non-straw addition(CK)were implemented.The effects of straw addition on saline-alkali properties of soil and maize growth in soda saline-alkali soil in Songnen Plain were studied.The results show that compared with CK,straw addition significantly reduces soil pH and electrical conductivity(EC)in different soil layers at each stage of maize growth.In the maturity stage,the soil pH of T20,T40 and T80 treatment in 0～30 cm soil layers decreases from 9.5 of CK treatment to 9.0～9.1,9.1～9.4 and 9.2～9.7,respectively.EC decreases from 448～854 μS·cm-1 to 123～353,188～402 and 302～445 μS·cm-1,respectively.Maize can not grow normally with no straw addition,while maize with straw addition grows normally and forms yield.The agronomic index,dry matter and root architecture in T20 and T40 treatments are significantly higher than those in T10 treatment.Among them,maize yield in T40 and T80 treatment is 20.2%and 10.1%higher than that in T20 treatment,respec-tively.A large amount of straw addition promotes maize growth and yield formation by reducing soil saline-alkali properties,and 40 t·hm-2 straw addition is the best treatment.
张慧;胡娟;周道玮
中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林 长春 130102||吉林省草地畜牧重点实验室,吉林 长春 130102||中国科学院大学,北京 100049中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林 长春 130102||吉林省草地畜牧重点实验室,吉林 长春 130102
农业科学
松嫩平原秸秆电导率盐碱地玉米产量
Songnen Plainstrawelectrical conductivitysaline-alkali soilmaizeyield
《土壤与作物》 2024 (004)
415-427 / 13
黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项(XDA28110202);吉林省自然科学基金(面上项目)(20240101258JC);国家自然科学基金(青年科学)(42401073).
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