干播湿出棉田正封土、侧封土效果对比
Comparative study on the effect of top sealing soil and side sealing soil in dry sowing and wet emergence cotton field
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]To compare the effects of top sealing soil and side sealing soil under dry sowing and wet emergence conditions and to clarify the dry sowing and wet emergence soil sealing approaches which will be suitable for soil types and light and heat conditions in Aksu area.[Methods]A completely randomized experimental design was used to explore the effects of different soil sealing approaches on soil temperature and humidity,the seedling emergence rate,dry matter weight per plant of above-ground parts,plant height,main stem diameter,spatial distribution of soil total salt,yield and components under dry sowing and wet e-mergence conditions that were divided into top sealing soil and side sealing soil.Meanwhile,fuzzy comprehen-sive evaluation method based on variation coefficient weight was used to evaluate the 11 characters of different ways of sealing soil.[Results]Compared with the side sealing soil,the soil daily average temperature of the top sealing soil in the seedling stage was 1.2℃higher,the soil daily average humidity was maintained at 100%,the seedling emergence rate was 13.7%higher,and the dry matter weight per plant of above-ground parts,plant height and main stem diameter increased,the yield of seed cotton per 667 m2 was 15.4 kg higher,the bolls number per plant was 1.58 more,the boll weight was 0.1g lighter,and the lint percentage was not much different.However,there was no significant difference in yield and yield components;The soil desalina-tion rates of the top sealing soil in 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm of seed hole were 6.2%and 6.8%lower respec-tively than the side sealing soil.The soil total salt content of top sealing soil and side sealing soil in 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm showed narrow row(under drip belt)<seed hole<wide row<intermembrane junction line,the soil total salt content after drip irrigation was less than that before drip irrigation at the same tillage layer depth,and the soil total salt content in 0-10 cm was less than that in 10-20 cm.There was a signifi-cant negative correlation between seedling emergence rate and soil total salt content in narrow row(under drip belt).Under the sowing mode of top sealing soil and side sealing soil,the regression curve equation between the seedling emergence rate and the soil total salt content X in narrow row(under drip belt)is Y=117.035 6X0.389 8,Y=282.631 4X-0.8521 respectively.The comprehensive performance of top sealing soil was better than that of side sealing soil in soil temperature and humidity,the seedling emergence rate,desalination rate,main agronomic traits of cotton plants at seedling stage,yield and yield components 11 traits.[Conclusion]If the soil texture is clay in cotton field,under the condition of dry sowing and wet emergence,it is suitable to use top sealing soil.关键词
棉花/干播湿出/正封土/侧封土Key words
cotton/dry sowing and wet emergence/top sealing soil/side sealing soil分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
马辉,李星星,席育贤,艾麦尔江·阿布力提甫,杨涛,田立文,欧欢,罗单,阿布都艾尼·阿布都维力..干播湿出棉田正封土、侧封土效果对比[J].新疆农业科学,2024,61(10):2341-2350,10.基金项目
新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才项目—南疆耕地土壤质量提升"干播湿出"技术创建推广(2022TSYCJC0049) （2022TSYCJC0049）
农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题—机采棉高效群体构建技术体系研究与应用(25107020-202101) （25107020-202101）
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项"干旱绿洲现代农业高效用水关键技术研究"(2022A02003) Tianshan Talent Project of Xinjiang—The Technology Establishment and Promotion of"Dry Sowing and Wet Emergence"for Impro-ving Soil Quality of Cultivated Land in Southern Xinjiang(2022TSYCJC0049) （2022A02003）
Open Project of Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiolo-gy and Farming System in Desert Oasis Region,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas—Research and Application of Technical System for the Construction of Efficient Cotton Population in Machine-Picked Cotton Fields(25107020-202101) （25107020-202101）
Major Science and Technology Project of Xinjiang—Key Technology Research on Efficient Water Use for Modern Agriculture in Arid Oasis(2022A02003) （2022A02003）
