运筹与管理2024，Vol.33Issue(9)：7-14,8.DOI:10.12005/orms.2024.0278
重大突发公共卫生事件下城市应急保障物资配送优化
Scheduling Optimization of Emergency Materials in Urban Areas during Public Health Emergencies
摘要
Abstract
In the case of public health outbreaks such as the new coronavirus,the distribution of emergency supplies,as a basic means of responding to health and safety emergencies,plays a crucial role in the prevention and control of major public health emergencies such as the new coronavirus.To solve the problem of emergency materials scheduling under major public health emergencies,this paper introduces fuzzy demand into the secondary supply chain structure of"supplies transfer center & demand point"to reflect the uncertainty of demand under the influence of epidemic. In terms of model establishment,an optimization model based on credibility theory is constructed for the distribution of urban emergency materials.For the urban community emergency distribution scenario under a public health event outbreak,this paper utilizes triangular fuzzy numbers to characterize the material demand at the community points.Further,we induce opportunity constraints by using decision maker's preference values to quantify the fuzzy demand for emergency materials in each community to determine whether or not to carry out the scheduling task.In addition,considering the actual needs of emergency material distribution,the emergency material scheduling optimization model used is finally constructed with the optimization objective of shortest delivery time. In addition,this paper designs an improved metaheuristics algorithm based on the traditional sparrow search algorithm(SSA).To improve the optimization speed and capability of the SSA,strategies such as Cauchy varia-tion and backward learning are introduced.Furthermore,numerical experiments are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of our designed algorithm compared to similar algorithms,such as the partial swarm optimization algorithm(PSO),genetic algorithm(GA),and SSA etc.The designed algorithm is tested on benchmark functions,and the results indicate that our algorithm performs better in optimization than the other algorithms. Further,a case study is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of proposed method.Thirty communities as demand points and three hospitals as transit centers are selected from Shanghai for simulation experiments.The geographic locations of these demand points and transit centers are obtained from the open geographic data platform to obtain the distance matrix.Similarly,our algorithm is compared with PSO,GA,simulated annealing(SA)and SSA.The results show that the designed algorithm can reduce the vehicle cost by 6.61％,time cost by 5.10％,etc.compared with other cutting-edge algorithms.Finally,the impact of decision maker preference value on distribution is analyzed.New evaluation metrics are introduced to quantitatively analyze the satisfaction level of each community point,and the overall implementation results of the generated scheduling scheme are quantitatively analyzed.The decision makers need to rationally select preference values according to the different objectives in order to make better use of the distribution resources.The results show that the integrated case is optimal when the preference value is 0.4,while the best benefit exists for unit distribution vehicles when the preference value is 0.2. The contributions of this paper are summarized as follows:1)An emergency material scheduling optimization model considering fuzzy demand is developed to reflect the real scheduling demand under the outbreak of health and safety events,and the fuzzy demand is effectively handled by the introduction of distribution opportunity constraints for emergency materials and decision maker's preference value.2)An improved meta-heuristic algo-rithm is designed for solving the problem.The numerical test results show that the designed algorithm has better optimization effect than other similar algorithms such as PSO,GA,etc.3)Simulation experiments are carried out by using public data and the decision makers'preference values are analyzed.However,the research in this paper has idealized the road situation and timeliness of materials in the process of emergency material scheduling.In the future research,we will further focus on the realism and general applicability of the model,and will actively explore the optimization problem of multimodal transportation in emergency material scheduling.关键词
应急物资调度/模糊需求/机会约束/元启发式算法Key words
emergency material scheduling/fuzzy demand/chance constraint/metaheuristic algorithm分类
交通工程引用本文复制引用
潘楠,张淼寒,张景程,曹家宁,杨晓华..重大突发公共卫生事件下城市应急保障物资配送优化[J].运筹与管理,2024,33(9):7-14,8.基金项目
中国南方电网有限责任公司科技项目(YNKJXM20220174) （YNKJXM20220174）
