This study was supported by the Climate Change Project of the China Meteorological Administration,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42122047)and the Basic Research Fund of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(2023Z004 and 2023Z025).The authors gratefully thank for review before submission by Fengming Hui(Sun Yat-sen University),Jianfeng He(Polar Research Institute of China),Jiping Liu(Sun Yat-sen University),Lei Liu(National University of Defense Technology,China),Lin Wang(Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences),Pei-qun Zhang(National Climate Centre),Penglin Wang(National Climate Centre),Qizhen Sun(National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center,China),Xiangbin Cui(Polar Research Institute of China),Xiaochun Zhang(Meteorological Obser-vation Center,China Meteorological Administration),Xiaodong Wu(Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences),Xichen Li(Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences)and Zhiqiang Li(National Center for Marine Environmental Pre-diction,China).The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. （42122047）