土壤学报2024，Vol.61Issue(6)：1524-1536,13.DOI:10.11766/trxb202307140272
"非粮化"土壤优质耕层快速重构材料的创制及其评价方法
Creation and Evaluation Method of Plough Layer Reconstruction Materials for"Non-grain Production of Cultivated Land"
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Economical crops like seedlings and flowers are frequently sold with soil transplantation practices,which directly leads to the soil plough layer becoming shallow or even stripped and eventually disappearing.This type of"non-grain production of cultivated land"with stripped plough layer can cause soil structure damage,nutrient imbalance,and fertility degradation,thus,it is a serious threat to the foundation of national food security and the healthy development of agriculture.The main problem with the stripped"non-grain production of cultivated land"is the lack of a high-quality plough layer.Therefore,a solution promoting the reconstruction of the high-quality plough layer to meet the fundamental needs of crops is key to replanting these soils.However,there is currently no systematic research aimed at solving this problem.[Method]A novel plough layer reconstruction material was developed using long-lasting organic materials such as herbal peat,moss peat,rice husk biochar,sawdust biochar,active organic material vegetable corn husk,and microbial inoculants.We employed cluster and principal component analyses to identify the minimum data set of quality evaluation indicators for plough layer reconstruction materials,which was then combined with the quality index model to create a comprehensive quality evaluation system.[Result]The result showed that the plough layer reconstruction materials with moss peat and rice husk biochar as main raw materials had higher quality and could effectively improve the fertility and compact structure of plough layer damaged soils.This material was characterized by a loose texture,bulk density of 0.1347-0.1466 g·cm-3,high capillary porosity(64.83%-67.82%),strong water-holding capacity,high organic matter content(658.85-704.92 g·kg-1),and high SOC recalcitrance index of 75.27%-84.71%,with a high potential for sequestration and sink enhancement.The minimum data set constructed with SOC,Labile C,HS,TN,TK,capillary porosity,and pH can be used as a quality evaluation system for plough layer reconstruction materials.Based on the above system,the optimal formulation of the plough layer reconstruction material was screened as follows:when moss peat(M)is mixed and configured with rice husk biochar(R)at mass ratios of 1︰1,2︰1,3︰1,and then 10︰1 with vegetable corn husk(C);((M+R)10C1,(2M+R)10C1,and(3M+R)10C1),a high-quality ploughing layer reconstruction material can be formed.On"non-grain production of cultivated land,"the application of selected plough layer reconstruction materials can dramatically lower soil bulk density and raise soil organic matter content by 177.35%to 204.31%compared to the control.Additionally,the treatment also increased the soil's effective nutrient content and soil carbon sequestration potential.The plant height,weight,and number of spikes of wheat were higher than those in the control after the application of the plough layer reconstruction material.This resulted in the yield of wheat being 5.6 times higher than that of the control,which demonstrates the benefit of this type of material for crop growth.[Conclusion]The indicator evaluation system established by this research can comprehensively and objectively evaluate the overall quality of plough layer reconstruction materials,and the materials created with moss peat and rice husk biochar as raw materials showed high application value in improving soil quality,increasing soil carbon sequestration capacity,and restoring crop production.关键词
"非粮化"土壤/耕层构建技术/耕层重构材料/材料质量指数/综合评价体系Key words
Non-grain production of cultivated land/Plough layer reconstruction technology/Plough layer reconstruction materials/Material quality index/Comprehensive evaluation system分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
郝点,周润惠,高闻哲,罗继鹏,王远帆,李廷强.."非粮化"土壤优质耕层快速重构材料的创制及其评价方法[J].土壤学报,2024,61(6):1524-1536,13.基金项目
浙江省重点研发计划项目(2022C02022,2022C02018)和国家自然科学基金项目(42177008)资助.Supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(Nos.2022C02022,2022C02018) （2022C02022,2022C02018）
National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42177008). （No.42177008）
