不同温度下生物炭与氮肥对棉田CO2和N2O排放的影响OACSTPCD
Effects of Biochar and Nitrogen Fertilizer on CO2 and N2O Emissions from Cotton Fields at Different Temperatures
本研究旨在揭示不同农田管理方式下极端脆弱区盐碱地温室气体的排放规律,阐明其影响因素及作用机理,从而为减轻气候变化影响下的中国温室气体减排提供理论依据.实验采用电导率为9.35 mS/cm和pH 8.38的极端盐渍土壤进行室内培养试验.设置不同的温度梯度(15、25、35℃)、施氮肥水平(0、120、240 kg N/hm2)以及生物炭施用量(0、5、10 t/hm2),所有处理均控制在田间持水量60%,培养周期为45 d.研究结果表明,增温与施用氮肥显著提高了CO2和N2O的排放量,而短期施用生物炭能够降低N2O的排放.具体来看:(1)在相同温度和生物炭条件下,氮肥的施用显著增加了温室气体的排放量.当施氮量为120 kg N/hm2时,CO2和N2O累积排放量分别是对照的2.02倍和1.28倍;而当施氮肥量提高到240 kg N/hm2时,CO2和N2O累积排放量达到最大,分别是对照的2.22倍和1.64倍.(2)在相同温度和氮肥条件下,生物炭的施用显著降低了N2O的排放.与未施用生物炭的对照相比,当生物炭施用量为5 t/hm2时,N2O的排放量减少了7%;而当生物炭施用量增至10 t/hm2时,N2O排放量进一步减少了13%.(3)温度对温室气体排放的影响也十分显著.与15℃相比,25℃条件下的CO2和N2O累积排放量分别增加11.34 g C/kg和39.69 mg N/kg;而在35℃条件下,CO2和N2O累积排放量最大,分别增加了48.17 g C/kg和69.69 mg N/kg.综上所述,本研究表明,在极端盐碱地农田管理中,合理的温度控制、氮肥施用策略以及生物炭的使用对于调控温室气体排放具有重要意义.
The greenhouse gas emission rules under different farmland management methods were revealed,and the influencing factors and action mechanisms were expounded,so as to deal with greenhouse gas emissions from saline-alkali land in extremely vulnerable areas,mitigate climate change,and provided theoretical basis for greenhouse gas emission reduction in China.An extremely saline soil with electrical conductivity of 9.35 mS/cm and pH of 8.38 was used for indoor culture experiments.Three temperature gradients were set as 15,25 and 35℃;three nitrogen application levels were set as 0,120 and 240 kg N/hm2 and three biochar application levels were set as 0,5 and 10 t/hm2.All treatments were carried out under 60%field water holding capacity and cultured for 45 days.The results showed that temperature and nitrogen application significantly increased CO2 and N2O emissions,and short-term application of biochar could reduce N2O emissions.(1)Under the same temperature and biochar conditions,the application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased greenhouse gas emissions.The cumulative emissions of CO2 and N2O at 120 kg N/hm2 were 2.02 times and 1.28 times of the control,respectively.The cumulative emissions of CO2 and N2O were the highest when nitrogen fertilizer rate was 240 kg N/hm2,which were 2.22 times and 1.64 times of the control,respectively.(2)Under the same temperature and nitrogen fertilizer conditions,the application of biochar significantly reduced the emission of N2O.Compared with the control,when the application rate of biochar was 5 t/hm2,the emission of N2O was reduced by 7%.The amount of biochar applied was 10 t/hm2,and the N2O emission was reduced by 13%.(3)Compared with 15℃,cumulative CO2 and N2O emissions at 25℃increased by 11.34 g C/kg and 39.69 mg N/kg,respectively;the cumulative emissions of CO2 and N2O at 35℃were the largest,increasing by 48.17 g C/kg and 69.69 mg N/kg,respectively.In summary,this study demonstrates that in the management of extreme saline-alkali soils in agricultural fields,reasonable control of temperature,nitrogen fertilization strategies,and the use of biochar are of significant importance for regulating greenhouse gas emissions.
王佳;柳维扬;郝兴明;张盛;何铎;张小功;周丽敏
新疆省塔里木大学农学院,新疆 阿拉尔 843300新疆省生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐 830000
农业科学
旱地温度施肥生物炭温室气体排放
dry landtemperaturefertilizationbiochargreenhouse gas emissions
《农学学报》 2024 (012)
19-27 / 9
"国家级大学生创新创业"(202210757006);"兵团科技创新人才计划"(2022CB001-07).
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