水土保持通报2024，Vol.44Issue(6)：12-22,11.DOI:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.06.002
不同水土保持措施对露天煤矿排土场土壤与植被的影响
Effects of Different Soil and Water Conservation Measures on Soil and Vegetation of Open-pit Coal Mine Drainage Sites
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]The effects of different soil and water conservation measures on soil nutrients and plant diversity in open-pit coal mine dumps were explored,aiming to provide feasible technical measures for the ecological restoration of mine dumps and other abandoned lands.[Methods]Eight soil and water conservation measures combining soil and water-conservation-engineering and plant measures were deployed on the exposed slopes of the grassland open-pit coal mine discharge site,with no measures(CK)as the control.Sampling was conducted to investigate the characteristics of the plant community,as well as to determine the main physicochemical properties of the soil,compare and analyze the differences in the changes in the characteristics of the plant community,and soil properties of the different soil and water conservation measures.The redundancy method was used to analyze the correlation between plant community characteristics and soil properties.[Results]① The soil and water conservation measures applied on the slope of the discharge site affected differently the main physicochemical properties of the soil,in which the soil quick-acting nutrient content changed significantly(p＜0.05),and the soil quick-acting phosphorus content of the two measures-spreading mixed grass+ecological bag spacing 1m(Ⅱ)and spreading mixed grass+ecological bag spacing 2 m(Ⅲ)-reached 3.38 and 3.13 mg/kg,respectively.These increased by 53.6％and 42.3％compared to that of the control(CK)(2.20 mg/kg),respectively.The soil quick-effect potassium content of the three measures of spreading mixed grass+ecological bag spacing 2 m(Ⅲ),spreading mixed grass+geocell(Ⅶ),and spreading mixed grass+grass curtain(Ⅷ)was 108.25,126.25,and 124.00 mg/kg,respectively.In contrast,the soil quick-effect potassium content of the control plot was only 53.25 mg/kg.② The effects of soil and water conservation measures on plant community characteristics manifested mainly in the Simpson's dominance index,which was significantly higher than that of the control(CK),except for the insignificant differences(p＞0.05)between the spreading of sedge+salix psammophila sand barriers(Ⅵ)and the spreading of sedge+geocell(Ⅶ)(p＜0.05).③ The results of redundancy analysis showed that the Margalef richness,Simpson dominance index,and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were all significantly positively correlated with soil quick-acting phosphorus.The Louie evenness index was significantly positively correlated with soil total nitrogen,quick-acting potassium,and slow-acting potassium.[Conclusion]The implementation of soil and water conservation measures in open-pit coal mine dumps can improve the soil nutrient content and plant diversity,which has a positive effect on ecological restoration.The soil and water conservation measures of spreading mixed grass+ecological bag with an interval of 2 m(Ⅲ)and spreading mixed grass+salix psammophila sand barriers(Ⅵ)have a better ecological restoration effect,which can be popularized and applied as the main measures for ecological restoration of dumps in the mining area.关键词
水土保持措施/植被特征/土壤特性/冗余分析/露天煤矿排土场Key words
soil and water conservation measures/vegetation characteristics/soil characteristics/redundancy analysis/mine dump分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
尹佳琪,郭建英,珊丹,邢恩德,李耀..不同水土保持措施对露天煤矿排土场土壤与植被的影响[J].水土保持通报,2024,44(6):12-22,11.基金项目
鄂尔多斯市科技合作重大专项"黄河流域绿色矿山建设生态修复关键技术研究与示范"(2021EEDSCXQDFZ2016) （2021EEDSCXQDFZ2016）
创建鄂尔多斯国家可持续发展议程创新示范区项目"窟野河流域山水林田湖草沙矿城系统治理技术与示范"(2022EEDSKJXM005-03) （2022EEDSKJXM005-03）
内蒙古自治区水利科技项目"皇甫川生态清洁小流域建设目标分类评价体系构建研究"(NSK202203) （NSK202203）
