侵蚀降雨下厨余垃圾施用对滇中烤烟农田生态系统氮磷平衡特征的影响OA北大核心

[Objective]To explore the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus balance in flue-cured tobacco farmland ecosystem,and to clarify the dynamic effects of kitchen waste composting on nitrogen and phosphorus in flue-cured tobacco farmland ecosystem,and to provide scientific basis for optimal fertilization strategy,improvement of environment,and enhancement of crop production efficiency.[Methods]The flue-cured tobacco farmland ecosystem in Erlongtan small watershed in central Yunnan was taken as the research object.Eight different fertilization methods were set up,namely,no fertilization control CK,single application of chemical fertilizer NPK(1 t/hm2),single application of food waste FW(FWL:12 t/hm2,FWM:15 t/hm2,FWH:18 t/hm2),food waste combined with chemical fertilizer FW-NPK(FWL-NPK:12 t/hm2+1 t/hm2,FWM-NPK:15 t/hm2+1 t/hm2,FWH-NPK:18 t/hm2+1 t/hm2).The effects of food waste on runoff and sediment nitrogen and phosphorus loss,soil nitrogen and phosphorus residue,nitrogen and phosphorus absorption of flue-cured tobacco and nitrogen and phosphorus balance of farmland flue-cured tobacco ecosystem were studied.[Results](1)The total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP)contents in runoff sediment decreased over time.Compared to CK,the loss of runoff TN in the FW treatments decreased by 31.26％～53.84％,and the loss of runoff TP decreased by 13.44％～45.83％.The loss of sediment TN decreased by 6.31％～120.74％,and loss of sediment TP decreased by 5.22％～62.55％.(2)During the four growth stages,the FW,FW-NPK,and NPK treatments significantly increased soil TN and NO3--N content.The FWH-NPK treatment significantly increased soil NH4-N and TP contents,and the FW treatment significantly increased soil available phosphorus(AP)content.The TN content in plants generally showed the trend:leaves＞stems＞roots,while TP content showed the trend:leaves＞roots＞stems.The TN and TP contents in each organ increased with the increase of FW application.(3)The losses of runoff TN and TP accounted for 19.71％～43.09％of the N input and 0.88％～2.94％of the P input,respectively,and the losses of sediment TN and TP accounted for 2.51％～5.93％of the N input and 4.23％～18.64％of the P input,respectively.The soil residual N and P accounted for 19.83％～55.00％of the N input and 62.77％～85.45％of the P input,respectively.The plant uptake N and P accounted for 22.79％～35.06％of the N input and 9.08％～15.65％of the P input,respectively.The soil residual N and P accounted for the majority of the N and P input.[Conclusion]FWH treatment can effectively maintain the N and P balance in tobacco farmland ecosystems,which increases plant uptake N and P,enhances soil N and P fixation,effectively reduces N and P loss,is an environmentally friendly fertilization method.