工程研究——跨学科视野中的工程2025，Vol.17Issue(1)：19-31,13.DOI:10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.20240142
工程生态位:概念、特征、类型和变移
Engineering Niche:Conception,Characteristics,Typology,and Shift
摘要
Abstract
This article introduces the concept of"ecological niche"to analyze the internal structure and external relationships of engineering ecosystems,aiming to offer theoretical insights and practical strategies for sustainable engineering development.By exploring the survival,growth,and competitive dynamics of engineering industries and enterprises in complex environments,the study provides a scientific foundation for strategic planning,enterprise management,and policy formulation in the engineering sector.Methodologically,the article traces the historical evolution and theoretical framework of the ecological niche concept,extending its application from biology to non-biological fields such as economics and management.Analogous to species niches,three types of engineering niches—constitutive,relational,and extrinsic—are proposed,each with distinct characteristics and formation mechanisms.Through a combination of literature review,case studies,and theoretical analysis,the article delves into the components,structural relationships,functional attributes,and evolutionary patterns of engineering niches.Case studies of Huawei's HarmonyOS system,BYD's new energy vehicles,and Continental Electromechanical illustrate the specific manifestations and strategic implications of engineering niche shifts.The findings reveal that engineering niches are multidimensional in composition,multi-layered in structure,and diverse in functionality.As engineering ecosystems evolve,niches continuously shift through"niche occupation"(establishment of new ecosystems),"niche upgrading"(expansion of industry scale),and"niche crossing"(exploration of new fields).These shifts are influenced by both internal enterprise resources and external environmental changes.Strategic management of engineering niches can stimulate incremental innovations within regional clusters and protect disruptive innovations in emerging industries,fostering sustainable development.Specifically,Huawei's HarmonyOS system exemplified niche occupation by creating a new operating system ecosystem,BYD's new energy vehicles demonstrated niche upgrading by becoming a global leader,and Continental Electromechanical showcased niche crossing by pioneering industrial automation control solutions.These cases validate the practicality of the engineering niche theory and offer valuable strategic management lessons for other enterprises.In conclusion,this study elucidates the survival,growth,and competition mechanisms of engineering industries and enterprises through the lens of engineering niches,proposing strategies for their strategic management.The research not only enriches the theoretical understanding of engineering niches but also provides crucial support and guidance for strategic planning,enterprise management,and policy making in the engineering industry.Future research can further refine the components and mechanisms of engineering niches and validate the theory with additional empirical case studies.关键词
工程生态位/行业生态状况/企业生态角色/工程生态位变移Key words
engineering niche/sector's ecostate/enterprise's ecorole/engineering niche shift引用本文复制引用
李三虎..工程生态位:概念、特征、类型和变移[J].工程研究——跨学科视野中的工程,2025,17(1):19-31,13.基金项目
中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目"工程生态论的理论体系和实践研究"(2024-XZ-69) （2024-XZ-69）
