吉林农业大学学报2025，Vol.47Issue(1)：15-24,10.DOI:10.13327/j.jjlau.2023.20318
地表覆盖对土壤水分、玉米生理特性及产量的影响
Effects of Surface Mulching on Soil Moisture,Physiological Charac-teristics and Yield of Maize
摘要
Abstract
In order to explore cultivation techniques for increasing maize yield and using water effi-ciently in semi-arid areas of Jilin province,drought resistance experiments with surface mulching were carried out in the plastic rainproof shed of Taonan Comprehensive Experimental Station in 2019 and 2020.Common plastic film mulch(T1),degradable plastic film mulch(T2),crushed straw mulch(T3),and no mulch(ck)were set to study the effects of surface mulch on the temporal and spatial changes of soil moisture,physiological characteristics of maize roots and leaves,maize yield,and irri-gation water use efficiency.The results indicate that surface coverage increased soil moisture content of 0-60 cm throughout the entire growth period of maize.T1,T2 and T3 treatments increased by an average of 11.11%,8.70%and 7.73%compared to ck treatments respectively in the past two years.Vertical soil moisture content of 0-30 cm soil layer was higher than 31-60 cm,and there was a sig-nificant difference in plastic film coverage.Surface mulching significantly enhanced root activity of maize,increased strength of soluble sugars in bleeding sap,ratio of cytokinin to abscisic acid strength,and increased activity of photosynthetic carbon assimilation enzymes(RuBP carboxylase and PEP carboxylase)and nitrogen assimilation enzymes(glutamine synthase GS)in leaves of maize at R1 stage.Net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of ear leaves in maize R1 stage increased by an average of 20.5%,21.1%,9.1%and 21.2%,24.1%,7.2%in T1,T2 and T3 treatments com-pared to ck treatment in two years,respectively.Maize yield of T1,T2 and T3 treatments increased by 23.9%,22.4%and 7.45%compared to ck,respectively,and irrigation water use efficiency in-creased by 37.0%,26.9%and 10.6%.However,there was no significant difference in maize yield and irrigation water use efficiency between the two plastics film mulching.From the perspective of environmental protection,using degradable plastic film coverage is more advisable and can provide a theoretical basis for maize yield increase and efficient utilization of water resources cultivation tech-niques in semi-arid areas.关键词
玉米/地表覆盖/土壤水分/生理特性/产量Key words
maize/surface mulching/soil moisture/physiological characteristic/yield分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
张丽华,徐晨,闫伟平,谭国波,孙宁,宋航霖,赵洪祥..地表覆盖对土壤水分、玉米生理特性及产量的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2025,47(1):15-24,10.基金项目
吉林省自然科学基金项目(20230101227JC),国家现代农业产业技术体系洮南综合试验站项目(CARS-02-50) （20230101227JC）
