儿童尿石症的防治现状与展望OA北大核心

In recent years,the incidence of pediatric urolithiasis has been increasing globally.Minimally invasive techniques,such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy,retrograde intrarenal surgery,and percutane-ous nephrolithotripsy,have become the mainstay of treatment for pediatric urolithiasis.Children,wspecially in-fants and toddlers,exhibit significant anatomical and physiologic differences from adults,which necessitate spe-cial considerations in surgical planning and management.Key measures for preventing pediatric urolithiasis in-clude appropriate fluid intake,dietary management,metabolic evaluation,and pharmacological intervention,with targeted prevention strategies based on individualized etiologies.In the future,prevention and treatment strate-gies will increasingly rely on personalized and precise surgical interventions and follow-up management.Ad-vances in miniaturized surgical instruments,pharmaceutical development,and the accumulation of high-quality research will effectively promote progress in the prevention and treatment of pediatric urolithiasis.