中国兽医杂志2025，Vol.61Issue(2)：33-39,7.DOI:10.20157/j.cnki.zgsyzz.2025.02.005
我国规模化牧场奶牛胎衣不下和急性子宫炎发病规律调查
Investigation on the Occurrence Patterns of Retained Placenta and Acute Metritis in Dairy Cows on Large-Scale Farms in China
摘要
Abstract
To understand the occurrence patterns and influencing factors of retained placenta and acute metritis in parturient dairy cows on large-scale farms in China,this study collected data from 102 746 calving dairy cows across 10 large-scale farms between November 2022 and October 2023,including 7 139 cases of retained placenta and 6 146 cases of acute metritis.The occurrence date,parity,gestation length,dystocia grade,calf condition,and maternity pen bedding type were analyzed.The results showed that the incidence rates of retained placenta and acute metritis were 6.95%and 5.98%,respectively.Spring(March to May)was the peak season for both conditions.Parity was moderately positively correlated with the incidence of retained placenta(τ=0.477,P=0.042)and negatively correlated with acute metritis(τ=-0.491,P=0.036).Cows with a gestation length of≤270 days had the highest incidence rates for both conditions,at 15.99%and 11.07%,respectively.Dystocia was not correlated with retained placenta(τ=0.333,P=0.497)or acute metritis(τ=0.667,P=0.174).Calf condition significantly influenced the incidence of both retained placenta(χ²=3 459.03,P<0.01)and acute metritis(χ²=1 437.63,P<0.01).Cows bedded with rice straw had the highest incidence rates of retained placenta and acute metritis,at 8.66%and 7.06%,respectively.The lowest retained placenta incidence was observed in cows using mixed bedding(4.18%),while the lowest acute metritis incidence was observed in cows using wheat straw bedding(4.34%).The 60-day cull rates for retained placenta and acute metritis cows were 11.11%and 8.98%,respectively.Retained placenta significantly influenced the incidence of acute metritis(χ²=671.92,P<0.01).These findings suggest that optimizing management practices related to seasonal outbreaks,parity,calf condition,and maternity pen bedding may help reduce the incidence of retained placenta and acute metritis,thereby improving farm economic efficiency and animal welfare.关键词
奶牛/胎衣不下/急性子宫炎/发病特征Key words
dairy cows/retained placenta/acute metritis/occurrence characteristics分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
童晓芳,程思颖,郭志刚,徐闯,韩博,高健..我国规模化牧场奶牛胎衣不下和急性子宫炎发病规律调查[J].中国兽医杂志,2025,61(2):33-39,7.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1801101) （2023YFD1801101）
奶牛产后子宫-卵巢功能分级与保健体系技术体系研发(2021BBF02037) （2021BBF02037）
