作物学报2025，Vol.51Issue(3)：755-770,16.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.43033
覆膜免耕和灌水量对西北绿洲灌区玉米产量及光合特性的影响
Effects of no-tillage with plastic film and the amount of irrigation water on yield and photosynthetic characteristics of maize in oasis irrigation area of Northwest China
摘要
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of different tillage practices and the amounts of irrigation water on maize yield and photosynthetic characteristics,aiming to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for water-saving management in maize cultivation using plastic film mulching in oasis irrigation areas.The research is based on a long-term field experiment conducted at the Wuwei Oasis Agricultural Comprehensive Experimental Station of Gansu Agricultural University,starting in 2014.A split-plot experimental design was employed,with two tillage practices in the main plots:no-tillage with plastic film(NT)and conventional tillage with plastic film(CT).The sub-plots were assigned three amounts of irrigation water:low(I1,4500 m3 hm-2),medium(I2,4950 m3 hm-2)and high(I3,5400 m3 hm-2).Grain yield,leaf photosynthetic parameters,and key photosynthetic enzyme activities in maize were measured in 2022 and 2023.The results showed that grain yield under NT was significantly higher than CT by 7.9%.Although maize yield decreased with reduced the amounts of irrigation water,the NTI2 treatment yielded similarly to NTI3 and was 8.0%higher than CTI2.From the silking to dough stage,the leaf area index(LAI),chlorophyll content(SPAD),and net photosynthetic rate(Pn)in NT increased by 6.7%-9.5%,5.8%-7.0%,and 5.6%-9.9%,respectively,compared to CT.While LAI,SPAD,and Pn were significantly lower in the I1 treatment compared to I3,there were no significant differences between I2 and I3.Similarly,no significant differences were observed between NTI2 and NTI3 for these parameters,but they were 9.1%-10.5%,7.5%-9.5%,and 7.1%-12.4%higher,respectively,than CTI2.The activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase(PEPC)and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase(Rubisco)in NT were 5.4%-8.0%and 5.6%-8.8%higher,respec-tively,than in CT from the silking to filling stages.Among the amounts of irrigation water,PEPC and Rubisco activities were significantly lower in I1 than in I3,but no significant differences were found between I2 and I3.The highest PEPC activity was observed in NTI2,which was 5.8%-8.8%higher than CTI2,while Rubisco activity in NTI2 was 6.3%-11.6%higher than in CTI2.A structural equation model(SEM)indicated that under the medium amount of irrigation water,no-tillage with plastic film sig-nificantly improved maize photosynthetic performance during the middle and late growth stages compared to conventional tillage.This improvement led to an increase in the number of ears per unit area and 1000-grain weight,ultimately enhancing grain yield.Therefore,no-tillage with plastic film combined with the medium amount of irrigation water(4950 m3 hm-2)is recommended as an effective water-saving management practice for plastic film mulching in oasis irrigation areas of northwest China.关键词
玉米/覆膜免耕/灌水量/光合特性/产量Key words
maize/no-tillage with plastic film/the amount of irrigation water/photosynthetic characteristics/yield引用本文复制引用
王岩,白春生,李波,范虹,何蔚,杨莉莉,曹悦,赵财..覆膜免耕和灌水量对西北绿洲灌区玉米产量及光合特性的影响[J].作物学报,2025,51(3):755-770,16.基金项目
本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2301104)和甘肃省科技重大专项(23ZDNA008)资助.This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2301104)and the Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Major Project(23ZDNA008). （2023YFD2301104）
