储能科学与技术2025，Vol.14Issue(2)：544-554,11.DOI:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0926
钠离子电池硬碳负极容量提升策略研究进展
Capacity enhancement strategy of hard carbon anode for sodium-ion battery:A review
摘要
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries,as a foundational technology in electrochemical energy storage,are playing an increasingly vital role in driving economic and social progress.However,the uneven global distribution of lithium resources presents significant challenges,particularly regarding the security of lithium supplies in China.Sodium-ion batteries have emerged as a promising complementary technology,offering a strategic alternative that capitalizes on abundant sodium reserves and mitigates dependence on foreign resources.The performance of these batteries largely depends on the anode material,with hard carbon being the most industrially advanced option owing to its commendable overall performance.However,its low capacity remains a key limitation to further progress.This review examines four distinct models of sodium storage in hard carbon:"insertion-filling,""adsorption-insertion,""adsorption-filling,"and the"three-stage"model.Subsequently,it explores various characterization techniques—such as Raman spectroscopy,pair distribution function analysis,positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy,extended X-ray absorption fine structure,electron paramagnetic resonance,gas adsorption/desorption,and small-angle X-ray scattering to elucidate the defects and pore structures of hard carbon.Moreover,the review emphasizes various strategies to enhance slope and plateau capacities of hard carbon.These include heteroatom doping,modulating carbonization temperature,modifying pore structures,and refining microcrystalline structures.A comprehensive analysis indicates that increasing the defect concentration in hard carbon significantly enhances its slope capacity,while increasing the volume of closed pores effectively improves its plateau capacity.Finally,the review delineates potential development trajectories and future prospects for hard carbon,aiming to provide valuable insights for advancing sodium-ion battery technology.关键词
钠离子电池/硬碳/斜坡平台容量优化/闭孔形成机理Key words
sodium-ion batteries/hard carbon/enhancement of slope/plateau capacity/formation mechanism of closed pores分类
信息技术与安全科学引用本文复制引用
常永刚,张晋豪,解炜,李秀春,王毅林,陈成猛..钠离子电池硬碳负极容量提升策略研究进展[J].储能科学与技术,2025,14(2):544-554,11.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2022YFB4101600),中煤-国科-煤化所联合企业项目(20241CS012). （2022YFB4101600）
