储能科学与技术2025，Vol.14Issue(2)：624-635,12.DOI:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0778
基于烟气扩散的储能柜内锂电池热失控预警研究
Study on early warning system for thermal runaway of lithium batteries in energy storage cabinets due to smoke and gas diffusion
摘要
Abstract
Through investigation of thermal runaway processes in lithium batteries and the timely issuance of early warnings are crucial for ensuring the safe operation of energy storage systems.However,most current research on thermal runaway smoke and gas warnings for lithium batteries remains theoretical,with limited exploration into the practicality and reliability of these methods in real-world scenarios.In this study,the relationship between temperature changes during overcharging and thermal runaway of lithium iron phosphate batteries in energy storage cabinets and battery packs,and the subsequent changes in smoke and gas concentrations is examined.This was achieved by building experimental platforms to explore these scenarios.The study also compare the effectiveness of various industrial smoke and gas sensors within energy storage cabinets in warning of lithium battery thermal runaway.The experimental results indicate that,by placing the sensor at the top of the energy storage cabinet and the vent hole of the waterproof-breathable valve aligned with the sensor,the smoke and gas sensors detect the values sequentially after the safety valve opens.The smoke sensor is the most sensitive response,capable of issuing an early warning signal immediately after the safety valve opens.Hydrocarbon gas sensors provide a precise indication of the moment of thermal runaway in lithium batteries.Subsequently,Ansys Fluent was employed to simulate the dispersion of gas and smoke within the energy storage cabinet following the activation of the lithium battery's safety valve in the battery pack.The simulation results reveal that the diffusion of smoke and gas was primarily influenced by the momentum of the gas and the positioning of ventilation holes on the waterproof,breathable valve housing.The top of the energy storage cabinet allows for timely and accurate detection of escaping gas and smoke.The findings of this study offer guidance for thermal runaway warning strategies in energy storage cabinets for lithium batteries and the placement of gas and smoke sensors.关键词
磷酸铁锂电池/热失控/储能柜/烟气扩散/预警/仿真Key words
lithium iron phosphate battery/thermal runaway/energy storage cabinet/smoke and gas diffusion/early warning/simulation分类
动力与电气工程引用本文复制引用
朱鹏杰,李伟,张楚,宋浩,李贝贝,刘秀梅,刘利利..基于烟气扩散的储能柜内锂电池热失控预警研究[J].储能科学与技术,2025,14(2):624-635,12.基金项目
中央高校基本科研业务费重大培育项目(2021ZDPY0222). （2021ZDPY0222）
