古脊椎动物学报（中英文）2025，Vol.63Issue(1)：20-42,23.DOI:10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.241225
赫氏近鸟龙(兽脚类恐龙:副鸟类)头骨形态对鸟类头骨演化的新启示
Cranial anatomy of Anchiornis huxleyi(Theropoda:Paraves)sheds new light on bird skull evolution
摘要
Abstract
The origin of birds from theropod dinosaurs,by any measures,is the most eye-catching evolutionary transition in the history of life,which encompasses numerous extensive morphological and biological changes.Compared to postcranium,little progress has been made regarding the evolutionary assemblage of the birds'skull,because of few detailed early records of cranial materials of stem lineages.Anchiornis is the oldest known record of the Paraves(～160 Ma),the most inclusive clade that contains all living birds but not Caudipteryx or Epidexipteryx.With hundreds of known specimens,Anchiornis constitutes an ideal taxon for investigating morphological modifications across the theropod-bird transition,but its cranial morphology remains enigmatic.Here we present in-depth description of the cranial morphology of Anchiornis based on three-dimensional reconstruction of a well-preserved specimen,including elements from the temporal and palatal regions that are poorly recognized previously.Our study shows that Anchiornis retains the plesiomorphic dinosaurian condition in having a diapsid akinetic skull.The mixture of cranial characters,shared with dromaeosaurids,troodontids,and stemward avialans,present in Anchiornis demonstrates the complex history of early avialan cranial evolution.关键词
近鸟龙/鸟翼类/头骨/可动性/颚骨/鳞状骨Key words
Anchiornis/Avialae/cranium/kinesis/palatine/squamosal分类
生物学引用本文复制引用
王敏,王孝理,郑晓廷,周忠和..赫氏近鸟龙(兽脚类恐龙:副鸟类)头骨形态对鸟类头骨演化的新启示[J].古脊椎动物学报（中英文）,2025,63(1):20-42,23.基金项目
国家自然科学基金杰出青年基金(批准号:42225201)、中国科学院前沿科学重点研究计划从"0到1"原始创新十年择优项目(编号:ZDBS-LY-DQC002)、新基石科学基金会所设立的科学探索奖和山东省泰山学者工程(编号:Ts20190954)资助. We thank YIN Pengfei,MIAO Song,and FENG Jiutong for helping in CT scanning.We thank PEI Rui and Fernando Novas for reviewing this manuscript.This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42225201),the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(ZDBS-LY-DQC002),the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE,and Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province(Ts20190954). （批准号:42225201）
