煤田地质与勘探2025，Vol.53Issue(2)：22-32,11.DOI:10.12363/issn.1001-1986.24.05.0339
"天窗"隐蔽致灾因素地质-工程一体化普查技术
Geological-engineering integrated reconnaissance survey technology for skylights as a hidden disaster-causing factor
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Skylights represent a primary hidden disaster factor in mines in the southern Yushen mining area within the Shanbei Jurassic coalfield,Shaanxi Province.Since they are hidden and difficult to detect,their distribution in the mining area remains unclear,posing pronounced safety hazards.This necessitates developing effective technical means to overcome challenges in the spatial exploration of skylights and ensure mine safety.[Methods]Focusing on a typical mine in the Yushen mining area as an example,this study explored the spatial distribution characteristics and types of skylights in the study area using the geological-engineering integrated reconnaissance survey technology that combines geological analysis,scientific assessment,and engineering exploration.[Results and conclusions]The results indicate that the formation and evolution of skylights in the study area are primarily governed by the paleochannels,while also exhibiting some inheritance from modern rivers.The high-density direct current electric method and micro-motion exploration yielded distinct resistivity and acoustic signals of skylights in the study area,exhibiting significantly high resistivity and anomalous wave velocities.In contrast,the transient electromagnetic method yielded insignificant re-sponses of physical properties.The developmental areas of skylights consist of lithologic assemblages formed by pa-leochannel sediments,exhibiting a distinct dual structure and lithologic assemblage characteristics of secondarily depos-ited laterites mixed or interbedded with sandy soil layers in channels.The developmental areas of laterites are character-ized by borehole shrinkage,small fluid leakage in boreholes,and upright rock layers with distinct stratification.In the developmental areas of skylights,loess and laterites exhibit permeability coefficients of 2.21×10-2 m/d and 7.18×10-3 m/d,respectively,suggesting that laterites have a higher capacity to block water flow than loess.Comprehensive geo-physical prospecting allows for the quick identification of anomalous laterite areas on a horizontal plane,providing a basis for accurately delineating skylights using detailed exploration engineering.Concurrently,the detailed exploration results can verify the accuracy of the resistivity and acoustic signal characteristics of skylights derived using compre-hensive geophysical prospecting.The results of this study can provide technical support for the reconnaissance survey and treatment of the skylights formed by the lacuna of laterites in the study area and serve as a guide of technical means for the effective exploration of skylights in mining areas with geological conditions similar to those in the study area,thus offering geological guarantee technology for safe,efficient,green,and intelligent coal mining.关键词
天窗/隐蔽致灾因素/直流电法勘探/微动勘探/地质钻探/地质-工程一体化/地质保障技术Key words
skylight/hidden disaster-causing factor/direct current eletric method/micromotion exploration/geological drilling/geological-engineering integration/geological guarantee technology分类
矿山工程引用本文复制引用
董敏涛.."天窗"隐蔽致灾因素地质-工程一体化普查技术[J].煤田地质与勘探,2025,53(2):22-32,11.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(51874231) （51874231）
中煤科工西安研究院(集团)有限公司科技创新基金项目(2024XAYPT02) （集团）
