煤田地质与勘探2025，Vol.53Issue(2)：107-117,11.DOI:10.12363/issn.1001-1986.24.05.0310
浅埋煤层开采地表裂缝发育规律及形成演化机理
Developmental patterns and formation and evolutionary mechanisms of surface cracks induced by the mining of shallowly buried coal seams
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Surface cracks are recognized as one of the most common geologic hazards in coal mining areas in northern Shaanxi Province.These cracks directly cause damage to surface ecosystems.Furthermore,those penetrating fractures in the overburden act as primary channels for surface water to burst underground,threatening the safe produc-tion underground.[Methods]This study aims to further reveal the developmental patterns of surface cracks induced by the mining of shallowly buried coal seams and elucidate their formation and evolutionary mechanisms.To this end,this study investigated mining face 15218 and 25213 in the Hongliulin Coal Mine in northern Shaanxi.Specifically,the sur-face cracks in the mining face were comprehensively examined using methods including surface crack mapping,dynam-ic monitoring of cracks,and numerical simulations.[Results and Conclusion]The results indicate that the surface cracks caused by the mining of shallowly buried coal seams exhibited a C-shaped distribution overall.The development-al characteristics and locations of the surface cracks were closely related to landform types.Under the same mining con-ditions,the proportion of cracks with widths greater than 5 cm in areas with loess gullies was 2.15 times that in areas with sandy beaches,suggesting a significantly higher developmental degree of cracks in the former areas than in the lat-ter areas.Besides,the boundary cracks of the mining face exhibited a significantly higher developmental degree than cracks within the mining face.Surface cracks induced by the mining of shallowly buried coal seams manifested two dy-namic developmental characteristics:ahead of and lagging behind mining positions.Among them,the formation of sur-face cracks induced by mining along mining face 25213 lagged behind the mining position,with a lag distance of 6.49 m.In contrast,surface cracks induced by mining along mining face 15218 were formed ahead of the mining position,with a lead distance of 20.07 m.Cracks within the mining face exhibited four activity characteristics,while the bound-ary cracks only showed an activity characteristic of cracking,increase in length,and stability sequentially.The surface cracks exhibited overall activity time ranging from 4 days to 14 days.Compression zones,tension-compression trans-form zones,and tensile zones were formed near the surface of the goaves.As the mining face advanced,movement de-formation and failure zones within the roof strata and on the surface constantly expanded forward.The surface subsid-ence-induced basins were slightly larger than the goaves,with a maximum subsidence coefficient of 0.82.Non-penetrat-ing cracks were primarily formed when the tensile deformations of soils along the margins of surface moving basins ex-ceeded their limited values.In contrast,penetrating cracks were formed by the connection between upgoing cracks with-in the overburden and surface cracks or by the direct connection between the upgoing cracks and the surface.As the min-ing of the mining face advanced,the cycle rupture of the main roofs caused the surface cracks to continuously expand forward.The characteristics of variations in the surface crack width were closely related to the complex movement of blocks on both sides of the cracks.The results of this study can serve as an important reference for the prevention and control of surface cracks in the mining areas of shallowly buried coal seams.关键词
浅埋煤层/开采损害/地表裂缝/数值模拟/红柳林煤矿Key words
shallowly buried coal seam/mining-induced environment damage/surface crack/numerical simulation/Hongliulin Coal Mine分类
矿山工程引用本文复制引用
侯恩科,慕佳欣,谢晓深,冯栋,杨磊,李研,何涛,包康光,陈小绳..浅埋煤层开采地表裂缝发育规律及形成演化机理[J].煤田地质与勘探,2025,53(2):107-117,11.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(42177174) （42177174）
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2024JC-YBQN-0361) （2024JC-YBQN-0361）
陕西省博后科研资助项目(2023BSHEDZZ297) （2023BSHEDZZ297）
