中国听力语言康复科学杂志2025，Vol.23Issue(2)：119-122,4.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-4933.2025.02.003
3～5岁儿童舌尖前后音准确率及错误走向的特征研究
The Accuracy Rate and Error Tendencies of Apical Anterior and Posterior Sounds among Children Aged 3-5 Years Old
摘要
Abstract
Objective To investigate the accuracy rate and error trends of flat and retroflex sounds among preschool children,to analyze the pronunciation difficulty of flat and retroflex sounds in different pronunciation positions,and to explore the reasons affecting their accuracy rate.Methods 250 children aged 3-5 years old were selected.Some words from the"Articulation and Phonetic Ability Assessment Word List"were used as test materials.Descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests were used to analyze their phonetic abilities of flat and retroflex sounds.Results The number of children making mistakes in the retroflex sounds/r/,/sh/,/zh/and the flat sound/z/was relatively high.17 children did not master the pronunciation of/r/and/sh/,12 children did not master the pronunciation of/zh/,and 11 children did not master the pronunciation of/z/.The average accuracy rate of flat and retroflex sounds in the 3-year-old group was 88%,in the 4-year-old group was 93%,and in the 5-year-old group incresed to 97%.Age had a main effect,with a highly significant difference(P=0.002＜0.01),and there was a highly significant difference between the 3-year-old and 5-year-old groups(P=0.000＜0.01).In the 3-5-year-old groups,no omission problems occurred in the error trends of flat and retroflex sounds,and they were mainly distributed in two error trends:substitution and distortion.The error trend occurrence rate in the 3-year-old group was relatively high,mostly in the form of substitution.With the increase of age,the error trend occurrence rate in the 5-year-old group gradually decreased,with occasional distortion.For preschool children aged 3 to 5 years old,when the flat sound was combined with/-i/,the main substitution process was the retroflexion of apical anterior sounds.When the flat sound was combined with/-u/,the main substitution process was also the retroflexion of apical anterior sounds.When the retroflex sound was combined with/-i/,the main substitution error process was the non-retroflexion of anterior-posterior tongue sounds.When/r/was combined with/-ou/,the main substitution error process was the lateralization of anterior-posterior tongue sounds.Conclusion Substitution is the main form of phonological process in children's speech development.The acquisition of retroflex sounds is later than that of flat sounds.The age of 5 may be a node for the acquisition of flat and retroflex sounds.关键词
音韵历程/平翘舌音/舌尖前音/舌尖后音/塞擦音/擦音Key words
Phonological process/Flat and retroflex sounds/Apical anterior sounds/Apical posterior sounds/Affricates/Fricatives分类
教育学引用本文复制引用
梁佳静,宋彩凤,朱湘枝,李永勤,张磊,张芳..3～5岁儿童舌尖前后音准确率及错误走向的特征研究[J].中国听力语言康复科学杂志,2025,23(2):119-122,4.基金项目
中国残联2022年度课题(2022CDPFHS-07) （2022CDPFHS-07）
科技部"主动健康和老龄化科技应对"重点专项(2020YFC2004100) （2020YFC2004100）
中国优生优育协会2024年度科研课题(2024K028) （2024K028）
