植物遗传资源学报2025，Vol.26Issue(3)：481-495,15.DOI:10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240602002
1775份水稻种质资源重要农艺性状遗传多样性研究
Study on Important Agronomic Characters and Genetic Diversity of 1775 Rice Germplasm Resources
摘要
Abstract
Rice germplasm resources are important foundation for rice genetic improvement and new variety breeding.The study of genetic diversity of rice germplasm resources plays an important role in broadening the genetic background of rice.In this study,genetic diversity analysis of 20 important agronomic traits of 1775 rice germplasm resources was carried out using multiple analysis methods.The results showed that the variation coefficients of agronomic traits varied considerably,ranging from 4.42％(grain thickness)to 89.75％(empty seed),and empty seed had richer genetic variation.And the changes in the genetic diversity index ranged from 1.585(empty seed)～2.069(heading date),with richer diversity in heading date.Through the separate analysis of germplasm from 11 provinces(cities),it was found that the germplasm from Jilin province had richer diversity in seven traits such as panicles per plant and spikelets per panicle;the germplasm from Yunnan province had richer diversity in four traits such as first heading date and panicle length;and the germplasm from Heilongjiang province had richer diversity in three traits such as heading date.The results of different types of germplasm showed that 11 traits were more abundant in landrace,such as flag leaf length and plant height;and the 9 traits were more abundant in advanced cultivar,such as growth stage traits and panicles per plant.The correlation analysis showed that 149 correlation coefficients reached the highly significant level(P＜0.01),among which three growth stage traits had highly correlated with other agronomic traits,for example first heading date.Principal component analysis revealed that the first six principal components had a cumulative contribution of 79.309％and the trait related to growth stage had the highest contribution.Through cluster analysis,1775 rice germplasm were classified into three clusters.The germplasm from the three northeastern provinces as well as Beijing and Hangzhou was cluster Ⅰ.The germplasm in this cluster was richer in genetic diversity for 10 traits,such as first heading date,tillering number,and panicles per plant,which can provide excellent germplasm for innovation of rice germplasm resources and the selection and breeding of new varieties in the future.Cluster Ⅱ contains only Ningxia germplasm,which indicates that the germplasm resources of Ningxia are distantly related to those of other provinces(cities),and can play an important role in broadening the genetic base of rice germplasm resources in the future.Cluster Ⅲ contains Hebei,Shandong,Yunnan,Jiangsu and Xinjiang germplasm.The genetic diversity of grain length in this cluster is more abundant,which can provide abundant germplasm for rice quality breeding in the future.关键词
水稻/种质资源/农艺性状/遗传多样性Key words
rice/germplasm resources/agronomic characters/genetic diversity引用本文复制引用
金京花,李淑芳,赵亚东,王迪,张妤,金国光,李鹤南,全成哲,张强..1775份水稻种质资源重要农艺性状遗传多样性研究[J].植物遗传资源学报,2025,26(3):481-495,15.基金项目
吉林省重大科技专项(20240203005NC)Major Science and Technology Project of Jilin Province(20240203005NC) （20240203005NC）
