环境与职业医学2025，Vol.42Issue(1)：6-13,48,9.DOI:10.11836/JEOM24325
上海市16区县水产品全氟和多氟烷基物质污染及膳食暴露评估
Contamination of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aquatic products and dietary risk as-sessment across 16 districts of Shanghai,China
摘要
Abstract
[Background]Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)are globally concerning environmental endocrine disruptors,with prominent pollution issues in China,and have been widely detected in humans.Diet,especially animal-derived foods such as aquatic products,is the main source of PFAS. [Objective]To investigate the contamination of PFAS in local aquatic products in Shanghai that reported high PFAS exposure,evaluate PFAS exposure through aquatic products and drinking water,and perform risk assessments for individuals of different age groups in Shanghai,providing evidence for dietary recommendations for Shanghai residents and risk management of PFAS in China. [Methods]Four aquatic product species,including freshwater fish(n=28),marine fish(n=27),shrimps(n=18),and crabs(n=17),were purchased from randomly selected sampling sites in 16 districts and counties of Shanghai.The concentrations of 13 PFAS congeners were measured,including 3 short-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids(PFCAs),5 long-chain PFCAs,2 short-chain perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids(PFSAs),and 3 long-chain PFSAs.The assessment of local residents'exposure risk to PFAS was conducted by combining their consumption of aquatic products and drinking water with the most widely concerned three PFAS congeners[(perfluorooctanoate(PFOA),perfluorooc-tane sulfonate(PFOS),and perfluorononanoate(PFNA)]in both average consumers and high consumers.Hazard index was applied to evaluate human health risks according to the oral minimal risk levels(MRL)of PFAS established by Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registration(ATSDR)and the tolerable weekly intake(TWI)established by European Food Safety Authority(EFSA). [Results]Nine to ten PFAS congeners were positive in each of the four aquatic product species out of the 13 PFAS congeners,and the most frequently positive PFAS congeners were PFOS and five long-chain PFCA(the positive rates were＞50％).The highest concentration of Σ13PFAS(median)was detected in crabs[6.314 ng·g 1(wet weight,thereafter)],followed by shrimps(2.313 ng·g-1),freshwater fish(0.833 ng·g-1),and marine fish(0.808 ng·g-1).The distribution of PFAS congeners varied in four aquatic food species:freshwater fish and marine fish showed the leading median concentrations of PFOS(0.238 and 0.145 ng·g-1),respectively,while shrimps and crabs showed the leading median concentrations of perfluoroundecanoate(PFUA)(0.840 and 1.439 ng·g-1),respectively.The average daily intake ofΣ3PFAS through aquatic products and drinking water by average consumers ranged from 0.145 to 1.129 ng·kg-1·d-1(in terms of body weight,thereafter),and by high consumers from 1.129 to 2.939 ng·kg-1·d-1,respectively.Adults(＞18 years)and children(＜12 years),es-pecially those under 9 years old,were more likely exposed to PFAS,and PFOS contributed the most across all age groups.According to the MRL established by ATSDR,there was no health risk for average consumers of all ages in Shanghai[hazard index(HI)＜1],but there were health risks for all ages in high consumers except for adults(HI＞1).Meanwhile,after comparing with the more stringent TWI formu-lated by EFSA,there were health risks for all ages in both average consumers and high consumers in Shanghai:HI for average consumers was from 1.17 to 2.46,and HI for high consumers from 3.56 to 6.09. [Conclusion]In Shanghai,PFAS is frequently detected in aquatic products.In general,PFOS concentrations are higher than those of other PFAS congeners.The PFAS levels of four aquatic food species from high to low are crabs,shrimps,freshwater fish,and marine fish.Potential health risks are found in local residents,especially adults and young children(less than 9 years old),via aquatic products and drinking wa-ter,and aquatic products are the primary source.It is recommended to optimize the types of aquatic products consumed to reduce the risk of PFAS intake for the local population.关键词
全氟化合物/水产品/饮用水/膳食/健康风险Key words
per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances/aquatic product/drinking water/dietary/health risk分类
预防医学引用本文复制引用
张妍,冒丹丹,潘奕陶,程晓蒙,李晶晶,袁涛,田英,高宇..上海市16区县水产品全氟和多氟烷基物质污染及膳食暴露评估[J].环境与职业医学,2025,42(1):6-13,48,9.基金项目
上海市科委自然科学基金项目(22ZR1435600) （22ZR1435600）
上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划项目(2023-2025年)(GWVI-4,GWVI-11.1-41) （2023-2025年）
