热带作物学报2025，Vol.46Issue(3)：743-753,11.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.03.022
蜜蜂采集澳洲坚果的行为及授粉效果研究
Flower-visiting Behavior and Pollination of Macadamia integrifolia by Honey Bee
摘要
Abstract
To scientifically evaluate the pollination performance of Macadamia integrifolia by the dominant bee species in China(Apis cerana cerana),we investigated the flowering biological characteristics of M.integrifolia,the pollination behavior of A.cerana cerana,and the effects on M.integrifolia yield and quality by A.cerana cerana pollination in Ximeng Va Autonomous county of China.The results showed that the number of flowers per raceme in macadamia cul-tivars A4 was in a normal distribution,ranging from 174 to 532 flowers,with an average of 334.0±48.8.The most fre-quent number of flowers range was 272-374,accounting for 72.17%.The order of A4 floret opening was from the base of inflorescence axis to the top,accounting for 60.24%,from the middle of inflorescence axis to both ends,accounting for 34.94%,and from the top to the base of inflorescence axis,accounting for 4.82%.In M.integrifolia full-bloom stage,the number of A.cerana cerana left colony,back to colony,and pollen-collecting workers increased at first,and then decreased with the time.The number of A.cerana cerana left colony,back to colony workers were mainly concentrated in 12:00-15:00,and with the peak period at 15:00,then,it decreased sharply after 16:00.The number of pol-len-collecting back to colony workers was mainly concentrated in 12:00-14:00,and with the peak at 13:00.The number of A.cerana cerana visiting flowers was significantly higher than that of Apis dorsata and Apis florea,but A.cerana cerana had a shorter per raceme visiting time.The number of visiting flowers workers of A.cerana cerana in-creased at first,then decreased with time,and the time of the visiting activity was mainly concentrated in 13:00-17:10.The correlation analysis results showed that the daily collection activities of A.cerana cerana were greatly influenced by light intensity,temperature and humidity.The average fruit setting rate of per raceme of M.integrifolia by A.cerana cerana pollination significantly increased by 64.15%,and the proportion of raceme falling reduced by 55.39%compared with the control,respectively.In addition,the weight,transverse and vertical diameter of single fruit,the seed rate,the kernel rate,total nitrogen content,crude protein content,crude fat content and 22 kinds of fatty acids content of fruit kernels pollinated by A.cerana cerana were higher than those of the control.The content of saturated fatty acids such as octanoic acid,capric acid,behenic acid,and unsaturated fatty acids 11,14-eicosadienoic acid were significantly higher than those of the control(P<0.05).In conclusion,A.cerana cerana pollination could reduce the shedding of inflores-cences,significantly increase fruit setting rate,and improve the yield and quality to a certain extent at the M.integrifolia flowering stage.关键词
中华蜜蜂/澳洲坚果/授粉/访花行为/营养成分Key words
Apis cerana cerana/Macadamia integrifolia/pollination/flower visiting behavior/nutritive ingredient分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
秦加敏,梁铖,陶玉波,晏天皓,岩理,张芬,邓尚靠,展江,张洋逸,赵必安..蜜蜂采集澳洲坚果的行为及授粉效果研究[J].热带作物学报,2025,46(3):743-753,11.基金项目
国家现代农业蜂产业技术体系项目(No.CARS-44-SYZ14) （No.CARS-44-SYZ14）
云南省农业科学院蚕桑蜜蜂研究所2022年度青年创新基金项目(No.QC2022006) （No.QC2022006）
云南省科技人才与平台计划项目(No.202405AD350070). （No.202405AD350070）
