高产优质同源四倍体不结球白菜新材料的创制与评价OA北大核心
Creation and evaluation of a new material of high yield and quality autotetraploid non-heading Chinese cabbage
[目的]本文旨在利用秋水仙素加倍的方法获得高产优质的同源四倍体不结球白菜新种质.[方法]以 2 g·L-1秋水仙素诱变剂滴定处理二倍体不结球白菜子叶生长点,经过形态学、解剖学、细胞学鉴定及流式细胞仪倍性分析,筛选诱变植株,成功获得同源四倍体不结球白菜新材料,并比较分析二、四倍体农艺性状指标、营养品质、光合特性、光合作用相关基因表达量差异.[结果]不结球白菜同源四倍体株型呈聚拢型,叶片趋于近圆形,花器官明显变大;叶表皮气孔变大,相同面积下气孔密度减小;花粉粒不同于二倍体规则的椭圆形,呈明显不规则形;根尖细胞内染色体数为二倍体的 2 倍;细胞内DNA相对含量为二倍体的 2 倍;植株的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、纤维素及叶绿素含量比二倍体显著增加,可溶性糖含量增加也达到极显著水平,维生素C和硝态氮含量分别比二倍体显著降低;最大光合速率(Pmax)、光饱和点(LSP)和表观量子效率(AQY)比二倍体增加了 60.46%、54.10%和 8.33%,光合能力更强;光合作用相关基因的相对表达量显著高于二倍体.[结论]本研究成功获得具有高产、优质潜力的同源四倍体不结球白菜新材料.
[Objectives]The paper aimed to obtain the new germplasm of autotetraploid non-heading Chinese cabbage with high yield and high quality by colchicine mutagenesis.[Methods]The cotyledon growth points of diploid non-heading Chinese cabbage were titrated with 2 g·L-1 colchicine mutagen.After morphological,anatomical,cytological identification and flow cytometry ploidy analysis,the mutated plants were screened and the new material of autotetraploid non-heading Chinese cabbage was successfully obtained.Meanwhile,comparative analysis of the differences in agronomic traits,nutritional quality,photosynthetic characteristics,and relative expression of photosynthesis-related genes were measured between diploid and autotetraploid.[Results]The autotetraploids non-heading Chinese cabbage displayed a convergent phenotype,with nearly round-shaped leaves and obviously enlarged flower organs.The stomata of the leaf epidermis also exhibited an increase in size,coupled with a reduction in stomatal density in the same area.The pollen grains of autotetraploids differed from the typical oval shape of diploids,showing a visibly irregular shape.Additionally,the apical cells contained twice the number of chromosomes and the relative cellular DNA content was also doubled compared with diploids.Furthermore,the contents of soluble sugar,soluble protein,cellulose and chlorophyll in autotetraploid plants were significantly higher than those in diploid plants,soluble sugar content reached extremely significant level.Conversely,the contents of vitamin C and nitrate nitrogen significantly decreased compared with diploids.Compared with diploids,the maximum photosynthetic rate(Pmax),light saturation point(LSP)and apparent quantum efficiency(AQY)of autotetraploid increased by 60.46%,54.10%and 8.33%respectively,leading to an overall enhancement in photosynthetic capabilities.The photosynthetic related genes expression in tetraploid was significantly higher than that of diploid.[Conclusions]This study successfully obtained a new autotetraploid non-heading Chinese cabbage material with the potential for high yield and quality.
汤伟华;刘叶琼;张子楠;王金鸽;刘同坤
江苏农林职业技术学院,江苏 镇江 212400江苏农林职业技术学院,江苏 镇江 212400江苏农林职业技术学院,江苏 镇江 212400江苏农林职业技术学院,江苏 镇江 212400南京农业大学园艺学院,江苏 南京 210095
园艺学与植物营养学
不结球白菜秋水仙素同源四倍体高产光合特性
non-heading Chinese cabbagecolchicineautotetraploidhigh yieldphotosynthetic characteristics
《南京农业大学学报》 2025 (2)
312-320,9
国家自然科学基金项目(32372698)三亚市科技创新专项项目(2022KJCX80)
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