南京农业大学学报2025，Vol.48Issue(2)：312-320,9.DOI:10.7685/jnau.202401012
高产优质同源四倍体不结球白菜新材料的创制与评价
Creation and evaluation of a new material of high yield and quality autotetraploid non-heading Chinese cabbage
摘要
Abstract
[Objectives]The paper aimed to obtain the new germplasm of autotetraploid non-heading Chinese cabbage with high yield and high quality by colchicine mutagenesis.[Methods]The cotyledon growth points of diploid non-heading Chinese cabbage were titrated with 2 g·L-1 colchicine mutagen.After morphological,anatomical,cytological identification and flow cytometry ploidy analysis,the mutated plants were screened and the new material of autotetraploid non-heading Chinese cabbage was successfully obtained.Meanwhile,comparative analysis of the differences in agronomic traits,nutritional quality,photosynthetic characteristics,and relative expression of photosynthesis-related genes were measured between diploid and autotetraploid.[Results]The autotetraploids non-heading Chinese cabbage displayed a convergent phenotype,with nearly round-shaped leaves and obviously enlarged flower organs.The stomata of the leaf epidermis also exhibited an increase in size,coupled with a reduction in stomatal density in the same area.The pollen grains of autotetraploids differed from the typical oval shape of diploids,showing a visibly irregular shape.Additionally,the apical cells contained twice the number of chromosomes and the relative cellular DNA content was also doubled compared with diploids.Furthermore,the contents of soluble sugar,soluble protein,cellulose and chlorophyll in autotetraploid plants were significantly higher than those in diploid plants,soluble sugar content reached extremely significant level.Conversely,the contents of vitamin C and nitrate nitrogen significantly decreased compared with diploids.Compared with diploids,the maximum photosynthetic rate(Pmax),light saturation point(LSP)and apparent quantum efficiency(AQY)of autotetraploid increased by 60.46%,54.10%and 8.33%respectively,leading to an overall enhancement in photosynthetic capabilities.The photosynthetic related genes expression in tetraploid was significantly higher than that of diploid.[Conclusions]This study successfully obtained a new autotetraploid non-heading Chinese cabbage material with the potential for high yield and quality.关键词
不结球白菜/秋水仙素/同源四倍体/高产/光合特性Key words
non-heading Chinese cabbage/colchicine/autotetraploid/high yield/photosynthetic characteristics分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
汤伟华,刘叶琼,张子楠,王金鸽,刘同坤..高产优质同源四倍体不结球白菜新材料的创制与评价[J].南京农业大学学报,2025,48(2):312-320,9.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(32372698) （32372698）
三亚市科技创新专项项目(2022KJCX80) （2022KJCX80）
