运筹与管理2024，Vol.33Issue(12)：69-76,8.DOI:10.12005/orms.2024.0388
考虑动力电池回收的新能源汽车供应链生态设计模式研究
Research on Ecological Design Mode of New Energy Vehicle Supply Chain Considering Power Battery Recycling
摘要
Abstract
Ecological design takes environmental factors into consideration at the very beginning of the supply chain to optimize product design and reduce the harmful impact of products on the environment in the whole life cycle.The relevant standards for cleaner automobile production process,low-carbon life cycle energy,green standardization of product design and remanufacturing and reuse of automobile parts are to be improved,as pointed out in the Establishment and Improvement of Carbon Peak Carbon Neutralization Standards jointly issued by nine departments including the General Administration of Market Supervision in 2022.Given the service life of power batteries,China Automotive Technology Research Center estimates 70800 tons of waste power batteries by 2030.To deal with this large number of retired waste batteries,upstream and downstream enterprises of the supply chain need to think about some new problems such as how to carry out ecological design and how to deal with the recycling of waste batteries to keep a sustainable development of the new energy vehicle industry.Actually,at the front end of the new energy vehicle supply chain,battery enterprises and new energy vehicle enterprises have begun to cooperate while paying attention to their own product ecological design.Furthermore,in the downstream of supply chain,third-party recycling enterprises are leveraging their advantages and playing an increasingly important role in the recycling,dismantling and recycling of waste batteries and in the cascade utilization.This paper will focus on discussing the following issues:(1)How will different ecological design modes impact the decision-making of supply chain members?(2)What is the optimal ecological design mode?How does the cost coefficient of ecological design affect supply chain decision-making?(3)Under different ecological design modes,what is the impact of the proportion of waste batteries for remanufacturing on the recovery rate? Ecological design modes and battery recycling issues are at the core of the discussions in the paper.First of all,this paper not only focuses on the independent ecological design work of battery manufacturers and vehicle manufacturers,but also further considers their cooperative ecological design work.Secondly,this paper considers the impact on end-of-pipe recycling under different ecological design modes,and further analyzes the impact of the remanufacture ratio of waste batteries on the recovery rate.According to whether battery and vehicle manufacturers cooperate on ecological design,the paper classifies design modes into three ones,namely a closed-loop supply chain model with cooperated ecological design and separate modes under which battery and vehicle manufacturers conduct ecological design respectively,and studies the optimal decision-making of supply chain members under different modes using the game theory.Our research shows that in separate ecological design modes,the level of ecological design,recovery rate and profit of participants are related to the cost coefficient of ecological design.Under all of the three modes,the wholesale price of battery and the retail price of vehicle are affected by the ecological design cost coefficient;the recycling price of waste batteries is not affected by the ecological design model,and the recycling price of waste batteries and the third-party recycling rate are positively related to the proportion of batteries used for remanufacturing;and when upstream and downstream enterprises carry out ecological design,the upstream enterprises will transfer the cost of ecological design to the downstream.In the cooperative ecological design mode,the ecological design level,recovery rate and profit of supply chain mem-bers are superior to those of the other two ecological design modes.That battery and vehicle manufacturers reduce their own costs of ecological design respectively would help raise the level of ecological design of enterprises. While paying attention to consumers'sensitivity to product price and green degree,battery and vehicle manufacturers need to push harder for closely cooperated upstream and downstream ecological design in the product design stage,better their ecological design,improve the recycling rate of waste power batteries,and jointly explore new modes of product design,sales and recycling.In terms of recycling,third party recyclers should not only consider improving the recovery rate,but also pay attention to the reuse of waste products after recycling,actively seek cooperation between upstream and downstream enterprises,and jointly carry out the sec-ondary utilization of batteries and the recycling of raw materials to form a closed-loop recycling of waste batteries. In future research,we should further consider the impact of government policies and coordination mecha-nisms on upstream and downstream enterprises'ecological design and terminal recycling.关键词
生态设计/动力电池回收/新能源汽车/闭环供应链Key words
ecological design/power battery recycling/new energy vehicles/closed-loop supply chain分类
管理科学引用本文复制引用
刘娟娟,谢加孙,张为四..考虑动力电池回收的新能源汽车供应链生态设计模式研究[J].运筹与管理,2024,33(12):69-76,8.基金项目
国家社会科学基金资助项目(15BGL084) （15BGL084）
