运筹与管理2024，Vol.33Issue(12)：172-179,8.DOI:10.12005/orms.2024.0402
基于节点收缩重要性测度的客机主制造商-供应商协同研制网络风险评估研究
Risk Assessment of Main Manufacturer-supplier Co-development Network of Airliner Based on Measurement of Node Importance after Shrinkage
摘要
Abstract
The development of commercial aircraft projects embodies a nation's cutting-edge capabilities in science and technology,manufacturing,economics,and management.Often referred to as the"crown of manu-facturing",these projects are characterized by extended development cycles,high costs,complex product design processes,elevated risks,and interdisciplinary integration.With shifts in the global economic landscape,the commercial aircraft manufacturing industry has increasingly adopted trends toward production outsourcing and globalized operations.Different manufacturers leverage their unique resource and information advantages to achieve complementary strengths among firms,forming intricate networks of competition and collaboration.However,as manufacturers outsource production and implement global supplier strategies,the resulting complex relationships heighten the vulnerability of the supply chain.Failures at supplier nodes can lead to widespread production disruptions,exacerbating risks and fragility within the supplier network.Such disruptions may delay the delivery of core system components and even impact the normal operations of other production chains.There-fore,adopting a network perspective to assess the importance of supplier nodes is essential for effectively identif-ying critical elements in collaborative development networks,enhancing supplier risk management,and ensuring the timeliness of aircraft delivery. This paper begins by analyzing the work package decomposition structure and the network-based model of collaborative development between the primary aircraft manufacturer and suppliers.In the current commercial aircraft industry,the primary manufacturer-supplier model has become the dominant development approach.Based on the principles of work breakdown structure(WBS),the vertical dimension involves the primary manu-facturer handling top-level design and management coordination.Through the work package decomposition model,suppliers at various levels undertake corresponding development tasks,including the production or assembly of different components,which are progressively aggregated upward to complete final assembly at the primary manufacturer level.Horizontally,with the primary manufacturer at the core,a competitive and coopera-tive dynamic exists between the primary manufacturer and suppliers,as well as among different suppliers.This interaction radiates outward from the primary manufacturer,forming a complex network structure.Through tiered connections,this structure enables interaction to create an extensive and intricate production chain for commer-cial aircraft. To investigate the vulnerabilities and high-risk regions within the collaborative development network between primary manufacturers and suppliers in the commercial aircraft industry,this paper employs the complex network theory to propose a more suitable risk assessment method.Specifically,it introduces a network risk assessment approach based on the measurement of node contraction importance.The collaborative development network of core suppliers in the commercial aircraft industry is small and highly interconnected,with each supplier node holding irreplaceable value.The proposed method fully considers the contribution of each supplier node to the network's internal connectivity. By evaluating both the importance of a node and its positional impact on the overall network,this paper defines network cohesion as a measure of a node's significance to network connectivity.Cohesion is calculated by"contracting"all nodes directly connected to the measured node into a single node.The greater the degree of this node,the more the total number of nodes in the network decreases after contraction,indicating higher cohesion and,consequently,greater importance.This metric allows for an assessment of the role each supplier represents within the collaborative development network.The paper also provides the pseudocode for the proposed method. The empirical section of this paper examines the work package decomposition structure of the Boeing 787 project.With data on the collaborative relationships between the primary manufacturer and core suppliers,a topological map of the collaborative development network is constructed,illustrating the inter-supplier collabora-tion and cooperation density.Through cohesive subgroup analysis,the paper aligns the findings with the practical aspects of commercial aircraft development and the work packages of the Boeing 787 project.This process consol-idates the network into four major subgroups,which are then mapped onto a schematic diagram of the aircraft. By the proposed network risk assessment based on node contraction importance,the importance of each core supplier is calculated,and the most critical suppliers are ranked and displayed.Subsequently,the paper analyzes two documented development failures:material deformation in the central wing box performance tests conducted by Kawasaki Aerospace and composite material issues during pre-flight tests for the Boeing 787.By integrating these records with cohesive subgroup analysis and supplier importance calculations,the internal logic of these failures is examined. The results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively identifies high-risk and highly critical supplier nodes.The paper further interprets the impact of these failures on supplier collaboration within the network and identifies the root causes of the risks.Specifically,critical suppliers spanning multiple subgroups act as essential bridges.Their failures can disrupt multiple system delivery tasks,leading to delays in the aircraft assembly process.The assessment results align with the historical failure records of the Boeing 787 collaborative develop-ment project,validating the effectiveness of the proposed method.关键词
主制造商-供应商/协同研制/复杂网络/节点重要度/风险评估Key words
main manufacturer-supplier/co-development/complex network/node importance/risk assessment分类
管理科学引用本文复制引用
菅利荣,郑森,欧子恺..基于节点收缩重要性测度的客机主制造商-供应商协同研制网络风险评估研究[J].运筹与管理,2024,33(12):172-179,8.基金项目
国家自然科学基金资助项目(72071111,71573124) （72071111,71573124）
江苏省社会科学基金项目(18EYB015) （18EYB015）
江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重大项目(2019SJZDA036) （2019SJZDA036）
