花生荚果力学特性评鉴及早熟种质筛选
Evaluation of mechanical properties of peanut pods and screening of early maturing germplasm
摘要
Abstract
The mechanical properties of peanut pods are critical reference indicators for mechanized harvesting,and selecting early-maturing varieties is a key strategy to meet market demand and improve agricultural production efficiency.In this study,we measured and analyzed peg strength,pod rupture force,and maturity rates in 499 peanut germplasm resources from around the world.The results revealed wide variation in peg strength(3.55-15.54 N),with the peg strength of mature pods(7.13 N)in 265 varieties being greater than that of immature pods(6.99 N).Significant or highly significant differences in peg strength across different maturity stages were observed in 38 materials.The force required to detach the plant from its petiole(7.51 N)was higher than that required to detach the pod from its petiole(7.11 N),with 48 peanut germplasm resources showing significantly or highly significantly higher plant-petiole detachment forces.Significant differences in pod rupture force were detected across three orien-tations:the lowest rupture force occurred when pods were positioned vertically,and the highest when positioned laterally.Peg strength was most strongly correlated with pod-petiole detachment force(r=0.99,P<0.01).Principal component analysis ex-tracted four main factors related to mechanical properties,with a cumulative contribution rate of 63.83%.Multiple regression analysis identified pod-petiole detachment force,pod-petiole detachment ratio,pod layer thickness,peg strength of immature pods,and plant-petiole detachment force as the main factors influencing peg strength.Ultimately,16 germplasm resources with early maturity and superior pod mechanical properties were identified.This study provides valuable insights for the development of early-maturing peanut varieties well-suited for mechanized harvesting.关键词
花生/荚果力学特性/果柄强度/荚果破壳力/成熟度Key words
peanut/pod mechanical properties/peg strength/pod rupture force/maturity引用本文复制引用
迟晓元,许静,毕竞男,赵健鑫,陈娜,潘丽娟,姜骁,殷祥贞,赵旭红,马俊卿..花生荚果力学特性评鉴及早熟种质筛选[J].作物学报,2025,51(4):943-957,15.基金项目
本研究由山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021QC172,ZR2023QC146),新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A02008-3),泰山学者工程专项(tstp20240523,tsqn202312292),财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-13),山东省重点研发计划(2024LZGC035),山东省重点研发计划(乡村振兴科技创新提振行动计划)(2022TZXD0031),山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2023F20,CXGC2024F20),浙江省数字旱粮重点实验室培育开放课题(2022E10012)和农业农村部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室项目(KF2024007)资助. This study was supported by the Natural Science Fund of Shangdong Province(ZR2021QC172,ZR2023QC146),the Major Scientific and Technological Project in Xinjiang(2022A02008-3),the Taishan Scholars Program(tstp20240523,tsqn202312292),the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-13),the Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(2024LZGC035),the Key Research and Development Plan of Shandong Province(Action Plan to Boost Scientific and Technological Innovation in Rural Revitalization)(2022TZXD0031),the Innovation Project of SAAS(CXGC2023F20,CXGC2024F20),the Key Laboratory of Digital Upland Crops of Zhejiang Province(2022E10012),and the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(KF2024007). （ZR2021QC172,ZR2023QC146）
