作物学报2025，Vol.51Issue(4)：1037-1049,13.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.44152
氮磷钾肥施用对冬油菜增产效果及因冻害减产程度的影响
Effects of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer application on the yield increase of winter oilseed rape and the degree of yield reduction due to freezing stress
摘要
Abstract
In early 2024,the primary oilseed rape production areas in the Yangtze River Basin experienced low temperatures and cold wave events,which severely impacted winter oilseed rape production.To investigate the effects of combined nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)fertilizer application on winter rapeseed yield and to examine the differential responses of rapeseed to these nutrients under freezing stress,a multi-site field experiment was conducted during the 2022/2023(control year)and 2023/2024(freezing stress year)growing seasons.The experiment included five treatments:no fertilizer application(CK),balanced application of N,P,and K(NPK),and treatments omitting nitrogen(-N),phosphorus(-P),or potassium(-K)based on the NPK treatment.By integrating meteorological data from the two growing seasons,rapeseed yield,yield components,shoot biomass,and harvest index were compared across multiple sites to analyze the response of rapeseed to freezing stress under dif-ferent nutrient application conditions.The results showed that,compared to the NPK treatment,rapeseed yields in the-N,-P,and-K treatments were reduced by an average of 71.8%,76.6%,and 13.4%,respectively,across the two growing seasons.This indi-cates that nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers significantly improved rapeseed yield,while the effect of potassium fertilizer was comparably smaller.When comparing the freezing stress year to the control year,rapeseed yields were significantly reduced across all experimental sites.Specifically,yields under the CK,-N,-P,-K,and NPK treatments decreased by an average of 43.6%,30.7%,48.9%,43.2%,and 45.7%,respectively.A lower number of siliques per plant was identified as the primary cause of yield reduction,with average decreases of 37.6%,44.3%,32.3%,22.3%,and 22.8%observed in the respective treatments.Ad-ditionally,the number of seeds per silique and shoot biomass were significantly reduced under freezing stress,while the harvest index showed a significant increase.Further correlation analyses between rapeseed yield,climatic variables,and basal soil nutri-ent content revealed that the number of days with extreme low temperatures during the freezing period was positively correlated with the severity of freezing stress.Moreover,the nutrient demands for phosphorus and potassium intensified under freezing stress.In conclusion,nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers are the primary nutritional factors contributing to high yield,while phosphorus and potassium fertilizers play critical roles in stabilizing yield under freezing conditions.A balanced application of N,P,and K fertilizers is essential for maintaining relatively high and stable yields in winter oilseed rape production.关键词
冬油菜/氮磷钾肥/冻害/产量/产量构成因子Key words
winter oilseed rape/nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer/freezing stress/yield/yield components引用本文复制引用
孟孜贞,任涛,鲁剑巍,刘陈,盛倩男,熊志豪,方娅婷,赵剑,余秋华,王昆昆,李小坤..氮磷钾肥施用对冬油菜增产效果及因冻害减产程度的影响[J].作物学报,2025,51(4):1037-1049,13.基金项目
本研究由国家重点研发计划项目"长江中下游水旱轮作区中低产田障碍消减与产能提升综合模式与应用"(2023YFD1901100),财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-12)和中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目(2662021ZH001)资助. This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China"Comprehensive Model and Application of Obstacle Reduction and Productivity Improvement of Low-yield Fields in the Water-dry Rotation Area of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River"(2023YFD1901100),the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-12),and the Fundamental Re-search Funds for the Central Universities(2662021ZH001). （2023YFD1901100）
