摘要
Abstract
Driven by global carbon neutrality goals,the steel industry urgently requires low-carbon metallurgical innovations.This work constructs a theoretical model for carbon reduction and carbon-hydrogen co-reduction of iron oxides based on the thermodynamic principle of minimum free energy,quantitatively analyzing reductant consumption,energy demand,and carbon emission limits.Results indicate that hydrogen-based reduction requires 53.7 kg H2 and 878.4 MJ of heat per ton of iron,with emissions solely as H2 O,reducing carbon emission intensity by 97%and energy consumption by 80.6%compared to traditional carbon reduction.Carbon-hydrogen co-reduction lowers carbon consumption by 20%～40%,with hydrogen exhibiting 30%～50%higher efficiency than CO at elevated temperatures(>810℃).Hydrogen utilization increases by 8%～12%per 100℃temperature rise.Synergistic carbon(CO2-C gasification)and hydrogen(H2 O-C reaction)cycles at>1 000℃and a C/CO2 molar ratio>1.5 achieve99%equilibrium conversion,enabling additional CO2 reduction of 0.3～0.5 t/t Fe.Optimized pathways for hydrogen-enriched blast furnace processes(20%～30%H2)and integrated gas recycling demonstrate a comprehensive emission reduction potential of 30%～40%.This research provides critical theoretical foundations for industrializing hydrogen metallurgy and advancing low-carbon steel production.关键词
氢冶金/碳-氢协同/最小自由能/碳排放/循环机制Key words
hydrogen metallurgy/carbon-hydrogen synergy/minimum free energy/carbon emissions/cyclic mechanisms分类
冶金工业
