畜牧与兽医2025，Vol.57Issue(4)：1-7,7.
奶山羊发情周期子宫颈口、阴道细胞及生殖激素变化规律研究
Study on the changes in cervical opening,vaginal cells and reproductive hormones in dairy goats during estrous cycle
摘要
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in cervical orifice,vaginal cells and reproductive hormones in dairy goats during estrous cycle,and to determine the best time for insemination in dairy goats during the cycle.A total of 60 Guanzhong dairy goats with 2 parities,good body condition and similar body weight were selected to observe continuously for 1 to 2 estrous cycles,and to monitor the changes in the cervical orifice status,the morphology and number of vaginal cells,and the contents of serum reproductive hormones(FSH,LH,P4 and E2)in ewes during the estrous cycle.The main results were as follows:(1)The cervical orifice of the dairy goats opened obvi-ously during estrus,and the opening time varied from 36 to 48 hours,and then closed gradually.The proportion of vaginal nucleated epitheli-al cells in proestrus was significantly higher than that of the other three cell forms(P＜0.05).The proportion of completely keratinized epi-thelial cells in oestrus was significantly higher than that of the other three cell forms(P＜0.05),and the proportion of leukocytes in metestrus and diestrus was significantly higher than that of the other three cell forms(P＜0.05).(2)The average contents of FSH and LH in serum in oestrus were significantly higher than those in diestrus and proestrus(P＜0.05),and they reached the peak at 10 h and 15 h after the onset of estrus,respectively.The average secretion of E2 in oestrus and metestrus was significantly higher than that in diestrus and proestrus(P＜0.05),and it reached the peak at 15 h after the onset of estrus.The average content of P4 in metestrus and diestrus was significantly higher than that in proestrus and oestrus(P＜0.05),and it reached the peak at 15 h after the onset of estrus.To sum up,estradiol and progester-one cooperatively regulated the periodic changes in cervical opening and vaginal cells during the estrous cycle of th Guanzhong dairy goats.The opening of cervical orifice continued for 36 hours and more than 60%of vaginal smears were completely keratinized epithelial cells during estrus,which might serve as an important index for estrus detection of Guanzhong dairy goats.The ovaries of ewes were close to ovulation 15 hours after the onset of estrous symptoms,and insemination 6-8 hours before that could increase the conception rate of ewes.关键词
奶山羊/发情周期/子宫颈口/阴道细胞/生殖激素Key words
dairy goats/estrus cycle/cervical opening/vaginal cells/reproductive hormone分类
畜牧业引用本文复制引用
张国宇,冉本康,康永刚,陈琳,王卉,胡张涛,胡建宏..奶山羊发情周期子宫颈口、阴道细胞及生殖激素变化规律研究[J].畜牧与兽医,2025,57(4):1-7,7.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1300200) （2022YFD1300200）
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2024NC-ZDCYL-03-02) （2024NC-ZDCYL-03-02）
