中国农业科学2025，Vol.58Issue(5)：864-876,13.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.05.004
小麦整合化无人化丰产栽培的特征与技术途径
Characteristics and Technical Approaches of Integrated Unmanned High-Yield Cultivation of Wheat
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]The aim of this study was to provide the theoretical and technical support for the innovation of green,high-yield,high-quality and high-efficient unmanned cultivation technology system of wheat.[Method]According to the situation of accelerating land transfer and large-scale operation,decreasing labor force engaged in agricultural production,and more efficient and comfortable farming methods,the integrated unmanned cultivation technology of wheat was put forward through the integration study of"agronomy-machinery-intelligence",that is,using new technology,new product and new equipment to simplify and integrate the whole process of wheat production,and complete wheat production with the least number of operations,the least number of machines and unmanned operations.On the basis of exploratory experimental research,the integrated unmanned cultivation technology of wheat(IU)and conventional mechanized high-yield cultivation techniques of wheat in experimental area(CK)were set up as treatments in Dazhong Farm of Yancheng,Jiangsu Province in 2019-2020,2020-2021 and 2021-2022,to study the traits and differences of wheat yield formation among different technology treatments,analyze the high-yield traits of IU,and put forward the technical approaches of IU.[Result]The IU increased wheat yield by 3.0%-5.9%compared with CK,and significant differences were observed between treatments of some varieties or some growing seasons.In terms of yield components,the spike number was IU＞CK(significant differences were observed between treatments of some varieties or some growing seasons),the grains per spike were IU＞CK(P＞0.05),the total grains were IU＞CK(P＜0.05),and the 1000-kernels weight was IU＜CK(P＞0.05),indicating that the IU increased wheat yield by stabilizing the grains per spike and 1000-kernels weight,and increasing the spike number.In the production of photosynthetic matter,the culm number,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation at the main growth stages,the leaf area duration and crop growth rate in the main growth periods,and the culm fertility and grain leaf ratio were all expressed as IU＞CK(significant differences were observed between treatments of some varieties or some growing seasons),which laid a material foundation for the yield increase of the IU.This paper not only summarized the technical approaches and basic technologies of IU but also discussed the development of IU from the aspects of integrated cultivation,unmanned cultivation,"agronomy-machinery-intelligence"fusion degree,key agronomy technology and comprehensive evaluation.[Conclusion]The yield under IU was equivalent or significantly increased to that under CK.And the high-yield cultivation of wheat was realized with less agricultural machinery and labor and unmanned operation,which was an effective way for the development of agricultural modernization production.In the future,multi-faceted collaborative innovation and investment should be strengthened to accelerate the application and large-scale promotion of this technology.关键词
小麦/整合化栽培/无人化栽培/产量/技术途径Key words
wheat/integrated cultivation/unmanned cultivation/yield/technical approach引用本文复制引用
张洪程,魏海燕,邢志鹏,张瑞宏,单翔,奚小波,程爽,翁文安,胡群,崔培媛..小麦整合化无人化丰产栽培的特征与技术途径[J].中国农业科学,2025,58(5):864-876,13.基金项目
江苏省重点研发计划(BE2022338)、国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-01-27)、江苏省2018年度农业科技创新与推广项目、江苏省现代农机装备与技术示范推广(NJ2019-33,NJ2020-58)、江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD) （BE2022338）
