心理学报2025，Vol.57Issue(4)：573-583,11.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2025.0573
社交机器人对3～5岁儿童分享行为的影响
The effect of a social robot on the sharing behavior of 3-to 5-year-old children
摘要
Abstract
Prosocial behavior benefits both individuals and society.Previous research has shown that human observers can influence the prosocial behavior of 5-year-old children.Psychological agency refers to the ability to think,make decisions,possess knowledge reserves,and interact responsively.Prior studies have indicated that the perceived psychological agency of robots affects children's selective trust in them.Based on this background,this study aimed to understand the impact of social robots on children's prosocial behavior in the context of human-robot interaction. Experiment 1(N=162),examined the effect of different observer types on preschool children's prosocial behavior,utilizing a 3(observer type:human,social robot,none)× 2(age group:3 years,5 years)between-subjects design.The experimenter had all participating children interact with a social robot before administering an animism test.Then,the children were randomly assigned to one of three groups:human observer,social robot observer,and no observer,and participated in an anonymous dictator game to share stickers.After the game,the experimenter asked the children for justifications for their sticker-sharing behavior.Experiment 2 further investigated the effect of different levels of robot psychological agency on 3-year-old's prosocial behavior.In Experiment 2(N=192),the robot's psychological agency was manipulated,such that robots with psychological agency showed the ability to think,make decisions,have knowledge reserves,and interact with others.3-year-old children were assigned to interact with a social robot with psychological agency or one without psychological agency,as well as a control group.Children in the psychological agency group interacted with a social robot and then took an animism test.Subsequently,the children participated in the anonymous dictator game in front of the robot.The control group children did not interact with the robot and directly participated in the anonymous dictator game.Following,the experimenter interviewed children in each group and recorded the reasons for their sticker-sharing behavior.In both experiments,the experimenter recorded the number of stickers shared by the children after they left. Study 1 found that 5-year-old children shared more stickers(exhibited more prosocial behavior)as compared to 3-year-old children.For 3-year-old children,the number of stickers shared in the human and robot observer conditions was significantly higher than in the no observer condition,with no significant difference between the human and robot observer conditions.Study 2 manipulated the psychological agency of social robots to explore its effect on the prosocial behavior of 3-year-old children.The results showed that 3-year-old children shared more stickers in the presence of a robot with psychological agency compared to the other two conditions.The study also explored the animism tendencies of children toward robots,indicating that 5-year-old children exhibited less animism than 3-year-old children.Furthermore,3-year-old children attributed more psychological and life-like characteristics to robots with psychological agency as compared to those without. The research confirms that observers influence children's prosocial behavior and finds that the prosocial behavior of 3-year-old children is affected by the psychological agency of robots.Additionally,this study explores the animism tendencies of Chinese children of different ages toward social robots.These findings provide perspectives and foundations for future applications and research in the field of human-robot interaction.关键词
社交机器人/亲社会行为/分享/心理能动性Key words
social robot/prosocial behavior/sharing/psychological agency分类
心理学引用本文复制引用
李卉,刘思懿,庞怡..社交机器人对3～5岁儿童分享行为的影响[J].心理学报,2025,57(4):573-583,11.基金项目
全国教育科学规划项目(项目编号:BBA220195)资助. （项目编号:BBA220195）
