北京交通大学学报2025，Vol.49Issue(1)：80-89,10.DOI:10.11860/j.issn.1673-0291.20240090
"公转铁"政策背景下考虑经济和环境效益的铁路差异化补贴决策研究
Decision-making on differentiated railway subsidies considering economic and environmental benefits in the context of the"Road to Rail"policy
摘要
Abstract
To address the requirements of the"Road to Rail"policy and account for the choice behavior of shippers,a bi-level decision model for railway freight subsidies is constructed.The upper-level model incorporates both economic and environmental benefits and establishes a multi-objective nonlin-ear subsidy decision framework,with the single OD pair railway subsidy amount as the decision vari-able.The lower-level model considers the game behavior among shippers and develops a freight flow distribution model aimed at minimizing generalized transportation costs.Considering the characteristics of the model,the affiliation function is used to transform the model into a single-objective problem,and a simulated annealing algorithm alongside an iterative weighting method is designed for its solu-tion.The model and algorithm are validated through an empirical analysis of the gravel aggregate freight network in Beijing.The results show that the OD pair subsidy amounts range between 0 and 0.12 yuan/(t·km),exhibiting significant spatial and individual differences.Under the subsidy scheme,24%of freight shift from road to rail and 17%carbon emission reduction can be achieved with an eco-nomic expenditure of 2.6 million yuan.Furthermore,under the differentiated subsidy scheme,the eco-nomic expenditure required to achieve the same scale of freight shift and carbon emission reduction is only 52%of that under a uniform subsidy strategy.The weighting coefficients for economic and envi-ronmental benefits have a significant impact on subsidy decisions,suggesting that local governments should determine these weighting coefficients based on local characteristics.Increasing the upper limit of the total amount of railway freight subsidies can enhance the effectiveness of modal shift promotion and environmental benefits,although the marginal growth rate of environmental benefits continues to decline over time.A higher railway freight turnover ratio substantially increases financial subsidy pres-sures,and the adoption of complementary incentives beyond subsidies is recommended.Additionally,there is a clear negative correlation between total railway freight subsidies and highway freight rates,highlighting the need for the government to establish a flexible subsidy adjustment mechanism to ac-commodate freight market dynamics.关键词
铁路运输/经济和环境效益/双层规划/差异化补贴/模拟退火算法Key words
rail transportation/economic and environmental benefits/bi-level programming/differen-tiated subsidy/simulated annealing algorithm分类
交通运输引用本文复制引用
朱宇婷,余明月,杨扬,沙川,刘路.."公转铁"政策背景下考虑经济和环境效益的铁路差异化补贴决策研究[J].北京交通大学学报,2025,49(1):80-89,10.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3702900) （2022YFC3702900）
北京市教育委员会科研计划项目(SM202410011001) National Key R&D Plan （SM202410011001）
R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(SM202410011001) （SM202410011001）
