表面技术2025，Vol.54Issue(7)：118-128,11.DOI:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.07.010
无铅铜基自润滑材料中FeS与Bi相的协同润滑机制
Synergistic Lubrication Mechanism of FeS and Bi Phases in Lead-free Copper Based Self-lubricating Materials
摘要
Abstract
Although copper-lead alloy materials have good antifriction properties,lead is highly toxic.Cu-Bi materials developed by replacing lead with green,nontoxic bismuth with a low melting point have good antifriction properties.However,bismuth is brittle and easily peels off from friction surfaces due to shear force during friction,resulting in a remarkable decrease in the wear resistance of materials.Similar to graphite,FeS has a stable structure and properties and does not react with the copper matrix during sintering.Therefore,it is a good solid lubricant.FeS can improve the peeling of the bismuth phase.An appropriate content of FeS and Bi can confer copper-based composites with good antifriction and wear resistance.In this work,a tribological experimental research on materials containing single and FeS/Bi composite lubricants is conducted.The synergistic lubrication characteristics of FeS and bismuth phases are explored by characterizing friction coefficients,wear rates,friction interface microstructures,and chemical compositions.Results indicate that the bismuth phase with a low melting point can effectively fill the pores formed by the weak interface between FeS and the copper matrix,thereby improving the density of the material surface in microstructures.At the same time,the presence of FeS refines the network distribution of the bismuth phase in the copper matrix.The FeS/Cu-Bi self-lubricating material prepared with the FeS/Bi composite component can reduce the adhesion of the copper matrix on the surfaces of counterparts,thereby forming a thin transfer film.The presence of FeS in FeS/Cu-Bi materials slows down the formation and propagation of cracks between the Bi phase and the matrix,reducing the peeling off of the Bi phase,strengthening the worn surface of the material,and promoting enrichment of more Bi phases at the friction interface.Meanwhile,the existence of Bi rich phase promotes the retention and enrichment of FeS at the friction interface.Both of these promote each other to form a friction interface between a lubricating film rich in Bi and FeS and a transfer film rich in Bi and FeS,thereby improving the antifriction and wear resistance of the material.The forms of FeS and Bi present in the lubricating film of materials containing a single lubricant and FeS/Bi composite lubrication components do not seem to differ.However,in the lubricating film formed by FeS/Cu-Bi self-lubricating materials,the content of FeS and Bi is significantly higher than that of single Cu-FeS and Cu-Bi materials on the worn surface.At the same time,the degree of the frictional chemical reaction between FeS and Bi reduces.That is,the coexistence of FeS and Bi phases in the copper matrix can reduce the degree of their participation in frictional chemical reactions,thus improving the preservation rate of FeS and Bi on the worn surface,forming a lubricating film with rich FeS and Bi phases and good thickness,and causing the disappearance of the interface between the original sliding contact surfaces.A friction interface dominated by lubricating film-transfer film is reformed.The research results provide a theoretical basis for the multiphase synergistic effect in solid self-lubricating materials and guide the development of high-performance lead-free FeS/Cu-Bi self-lubricating materials.关键词
无铅化/铜基自润滑材料/多相固体润滑/减摩耐磨/摩擦膜/协同机制Key words
lead-free/copper based self-lubricating material/multiphase solid lubrication/antifriction and wear resistance/tribofilm/synergistic mechanism分类
机械制造引用本文复制引用
刘聪,尹延国,张国涛,马世榜,张聪正,叶铁..无铅铜基自润滑材料中FeS与Bi相的协同润滑机制[J].表面技术,2025,54(7):118-128,11.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(51575151) （51575151）
南阳师范学院自然科学类博士科研启动基金项目(231406) （231406）
河南省科技攻关项目(252102220080,242102230064) The National Natural Science Foundation of China(51575151) （252102220080,242102230064）
the Nanyang Normal University Natural Science Doctoral Research Initiation Fund Project(231406) （231406）
Henan Province Science and Technology Research Projects(252102220080,242102230064) （252102220080,242102230064）
