工程研究——跨学科视野中的工程2025，Vol.17Issue(2)：165-179,15.DOI:10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.20240320
从"事实"与"价值"问题到"设计"问题
From the Problem of Fact and Value to the Problem of Design
摘要
Abstract
The ancient problem of the separation and unity of fact and value is not only a fundamental issue in philosophy but also a practical concern crucial to human destiny in modern times.Since Hume,the mainstream view has held that the separation of fact and value arises because"what is"cannot derive"what ought to be".Due to this conundrum,various attempts to unify fact and value,both before and after Hume,have failed to effectively reverse the trend of separation from foundational theory to practical application.However,if we regard"actuality"as the basic modality of fact and further subdivide it into necessity and possibility,then we can similarly regard"sincerity"as the basic modality of value and distinguish its modalities into obligation and permissibility.This alignment pairs"actuality"with"sincerity",necessity with obligation,and possibility with permissibility,rather than"actuality"with"necessity".By extending Tarski's approach to solving the liar paradox to the realm of value,we can derive a general rule of"being":A subjective element corresponds to an objective element if and only if the objective element is what the subjective element signifies.This rule expresses that the"being"of fact and the"being"of value mutually imply each other;fact and value(meaning)are mutually implicative.To date,logic and ethics,since Aristotle,have evolved and developed in isolation and even in conflict with each other.The categories of fact and value—such as actuality and sincerity,necessity and obligation,possibility and permissibility—have,under this separation,formed the current definitions and usages without effective alignment.This paper,based on the general rule of"being,"rearticulates the fundamental rules concerning paradoxes and contradictions.It reveals that the basic rules of logic since ancient Greece and the basic rules of ethics or moral philosophy since pre-Qin China are inherently mutually implicative.According to these mutually implicative rules of logic and ethics,the modalities of fact—actuality,necessity,and possibility—and the modalities of value—sincerity,obligation,and permissibility—are mutually implicative.Although science and humanities have developed in isolation thus far,if we take the mutually implicative rules of logic and ethics as a premise,science and humanities can jointly become foundational disciplines for determining objective possibility and subjective permissibility.Only on this basis can the"design"of engineering technology and cultural arts become concrete"fact"and"value"-integrated"creation"activities.Thus,this paper presents a solution that spans from the foundational theoretical problem of"fact"and"value"to the practical design problem of"creation,"embodying a"unity of essence and application"approach.关键词
事实/价值/实然/诚然/悖论/矛盾Key words
fact/value/actuality/sincerity/paradox/contradiction分类
哲学引用本文复制引用
郭逸,刘俊宏,魏建武..从"事实"与"价值"问题到"设计"问题[J].工程研究——跨学科视野中的工程,2025,17(2):165-179,15.基金项目
国家任务/科技部"新一代人工智能"国家科技重大专项(2022ZD0117900) （2022ZD0117900）
