中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科2025，Vol.32Issue(2)：121-124,4.DOI:10.16066/j.1672-7002.2025.02.012
肿瘤性颈段气管狭窄致呼吸困难的急诊气道开放方法探讨
Exploration of emergency airway opening method for dyspnea caused by tumor related cervical tracheal stenosis
摘要
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore emergency airway opening methods for patients with dyspnea caused by tumor related cervical tracheal stenosis,and summarize safe and effective emergency management methods for such patients.METHODS Retrospectively collect cases of dyspnea caused by tumor invasion or wrapping around the cervical trachea treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between January 2012 and December 2023,analyze the process or method of emergency airway opening,and summarize the safe and effective airway opening methods for such patients.RESULTS A total of 31 cases were collected,including 25 cases of thyroid malignant tumors invading the cervical trachea(18 cases of differentiated thyroid cancer,5 cases of thyroid lymphoma,1 case of undifferentiated cancer,and 1 case of medullary cancer),3 cases of cervical tracheal recurrence after laryngeal cancer surgery,2 cases of primary tumors in the cervical trachea,1 case of cervical esophageal cancer,24 cases of grade II dyspnea upon admission,6 cases of grade III dyspnea,and 1 case of grade IV dyspnea.The methods of airway opening are as follows:20 cases underwent tumor resection and tracheotomy under anesthesia intubation and general anesthesia,6 cases underwent longitudinal downward tracheostomy with the larynx as the landmark,2 cases underwent midline tumor resection with the chin and sternum as the landmark to expose the trachea,2 cases underwent emergency tracheotomy with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)support,and 1 case underwent tracheotomy with extracorporeal circulation machine support.All patients successfully opened their airways without serious complications such as major bleeding,asphyxia,or cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents.CONCLUSION For patients with tumor induced cervical tracheal stenosis that is difficult to expose the trachea using conventional methods and requires emergency airway opening,the anesthesiology department can first evaluate whether a small tracheal tube can be inserted for general anesthesia before tracheotomy.If intubation is difficult,the airway can be opened by longitudinally splitting the cricoid cartilage or the anterior wall of the trachea,marked by the larynx.If the larynx is covered or wrapped by tumors and cannot be exposed,the midline marked by the chin and suprasternal fossa can be used to remove a portion of the tumor and expose the trachea,followed by longitudinally splitting the anterior wall of the trachea to open the airway.If the above methods are difficult to operate,it is feasible to remove the tumor under general anesthesia with extracorporeal circulation or ECMO support,expose the trachea,and open the airway.关键词
呼吸困难/气管切开术/急诊处理/气管狭窄,肿瘤性Key words
Dyspnea/Tracheotomy/Emergency Treatment/tracheal stenosis,neoplasms引用本文复制引用
吴静,廖妍飞,刘业海..肿瘤性颈段气管狭窄致呼吸困难的急诊气道开放方法探讨[J].中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,2025,32(2):121-124,4.基金项目
安徽医科大学校科研基金(2023xkj146) （2023xkj146）
安徽省自然科学基金(2408085MH201) （2408085MH201）
