气象与环境学报2025，Vol.41Issue(1)：74-83,10.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2025.01.009
黑龙江省玉米播种适宜气温和水分条件特征研究
Study on the suitable temperature and soil moisture conditions for maize sowing in Heilongjiang province
摘要
Abstract
Based on meteorological data,maize development period records and unit yield information from the pri-mary maize producing areas in Heilongjiang province from 1981 to 2021,this study selected temperature and soil moisture as the key variables to construct the daily mean temperature and the relative soil moisture of ten days in 0～10 cm soil layer series for maize sowing.Based on the skewness-kurtosis test method of sample series distribu-tion fitting,the suitable temperature and the relative soil moisture indicators were constructed by using the confi-dence interval estimation method for maize sowing in different regions of the main maize producing areas in Hei-longjiang Province.An independent maize sowing samples was reserved for validation and yield differences associ-ated with varying sowing dates were further analyzed.The results show that the meteorological conditions are fa-vorable in 2012,2014,and 2016,but unfavorable in 2010 and 2013 during the maize sowing period.The developed indicators effectively capture the suitability of temperature and soil moisture conditions for maize sowing in Hei-longjiang province.The indicators verify that the coincidence rates of the temperature for maize sowing are 76.6%and 12.3%,and the relative soil moisture are 37.0%and 45.6%within the appropriate and more appropriate ran-ges.There are significant variations in maize yield among different sowing dates,because there is a mutual com-pensatory mechanism for meteorological conditions throughout the growth period of maize in different years.Com-pared to adjacent years of shorter emergence time,the average yield decreases by 14.5%in years of longer emer-gence time after sowing.The main reason for the delayed sowing of maize is that the temperature and water condi-tions are both not suitable,or either is not suitable,during the sowing periods in 2010 and 2013,compared with normal sowing years,the yield reduction of 4.4%to 27.5%at representative stations.The temperature and soil moisture conditions such as low temperature and drought,low temperature and waterlogging during the sowing pe-riod are not suitable for maize sowing,which affect the rapid emergence of maize after sowing and could easily lead to reduced yields.关键词
玉米/播种/气温/土壤水分/产量差异Key words
Maize/Sowing/Temperature/Soil moisture/Yield differences分类
农业科学引用本文复制引用
姜丽霞,王晾晾,岳元,赵放,陈可心,李秀芬,王秋京,纪仰慧..黑龙江省玉米播种适宜气温和水分条件特征研究[J].气象与环境学报,2025,41(1):74-83,10.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2300201)、黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2022D025)和中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2022J054)共同资助. （2022YFD2300201）
