现代纺织技术2025，Vol.33Issue(4)：13-25,13.DOI:10.19398/j.att.202405019
纤维素纤维活性染料低盐无盐染色研究进展
Research progress on low-salt and salt-free dyeing of cellulose fiber with reactive dyes
摘要
Abstract
When dyeing cotton fibers with reactive dyes in the traditional water bath system,a large number of neutral inorganic salts need to be added to address the charge repulsion between the dye anions and the fibers in order to improve the reactive dye utilization.At the same time,a large amount of alkali must be used to ensure that the reactive dye can fully covalently bond with the fibers.However,the large amount of inorganic salts will lead to super high salt content in the dyeing wastewater,which increases the difficulty and cost of post-processing.At the same time,inorganic salt has brought a great threat to the ecological environment and water resources.Therefore,the low-salt and salt-free dyeing technology has become a hot spot in the current printing and dyeing industry.In order to realize the clean dyeing process of cellulose fibers with water saving,energy saving,high efficiency and ecological protection,researchers have done a lot of work. In this paper,the problems and limitations in the development of low-salt and salt-free dyeing technology were summarized from the development of new dye molecular structure(original structure modification and cationic reactive dyes),multi-functional substitute salts development and application,low-salt dyeing additives,cellulose modification,and non-aqueous medium dyeing technology.For the traditional water bath system,the modification of the reactive group,water-soluble group or chromophore on the structure of the existing reactive dyes,or the redevelopment of cationic reactive dyes,all have the problems of high cost,few categories,and incomplete chromatography.It is very low to realize salt-free and low-salt dyeing process as well as water saving and emission reduction by using other organic substitute salt,or crosslinking agent.Although widely studied cationic modification technology of cotton fabrics can reduce the dosage of inorganic salts,cationic modification and dyeing cannot be carried out in the same bath.This process requires pre-treatment of cotton fabrics,which has the problem of long process,high production cost,and difficulty in controlling the dyeing evenness.In addition,small bath ratio,electrochemical dyeing,and suspension dyeing have high requirements for dyes and poor universality.As for the new non-aqueous medium dyeing technology,the medium used in the early reported organic solvent dyeing technology is highly toxic and difficult to recover.While,the most reported supercritical CO2 dyeing cannot make cotton fibers swell,resulting in low dye adsorption rate and dyeing depth.In addition,the dyeing process needs to be completed under ultra-high pressure,which has the problems of low operational safety and high equipment cost. At present,the non-aqueous medium dyeing technology using high boiling point D5 as the medium has achieved remarkable results.But this technology also needs special dyeing equipment(dyeing,recycling,etc.)in the early stage,and the investment cost is high.Therefore,it is imperative to develop an economical,universal,water-saving,and emission-reducing non-aqueous medium dyeing technology in the future.关键词
低盐无盐染色/非水介质染色/活性染料/纤维素纤维Key words
low-salt/salt-free dyeing/non-aqueous medium dyeing/reactive dye/cellulose fiber分类
轻工业引用本文复制引用
张红娟,王辉强,沈楚良,王际平,曹景沛..纤维素纤维活性染料低盐无盐染色研究进展[J].现代纺织技术,2025,33(4):13-25,13.基金项目
国家自然科学基金青年项目(22108169) （22108169）
上海市青年科技英才扬帆计划项目(21YF1416000) （21YF1416000）
浙江省清洁染整技术研究重点实验室开放基金项目(QJRZ2205) （QJRZ2205）
