现代纺织技术2025，Vol.33Issue(4)：92-104,13.DOI:10.19398/j.att.202405035
织物基可穿戴心电电极的研究进展
Research progress on fabric-based wearable ECG electrodes
摘要
Abstract
The initial use of ECG recordings involved opaque carbon electrodes.With the development of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),carbon fiber electrodes were introduced to reduce image distortion while simultaneously recording ECG and thoracic impedance.Advances in wearable technology have driven the development of novel ECG electrodes based on textile substrates,which combine nanomaterials and wireless systems to achieve high-quality signal acquisition.The application of new materials,such as gecko-inspired conductive dry adhesives and 3D-printed electrodes,has made ECG monitoring more reliable in various environments.Additionally,innovative electrode technologies,such as stretchable conductive fabrics,electrogel electrodes,hydrogel electrodes,fabric microneedle electrodes,and polymer conductive adhesives,have begun to emerge. Selecting suitable conductive materials is crucial in the preparation of fabric electrodes.These materials mainly include conductive fibers,metal nanowires,carbon-based materials,conductive polymers,and conductive inks.Conductive fibers offer flexibility,metal nanowires provide high conductivity,carbon-based materials combine lightness with strength,conductive polymers are easy to process,and conductive inks are ideal for printing complex patterns.By employing techniques such as knitting,weaving,embroidery,and electrospinning,various high-conductivity fabric electrodes can be designed.Woven fabrics offer high strength and stability,making them suitable for creating structurally demanding conductive fabrics.Knitted fabrics have good elasticity and breathability,making them ideal for flexible and close-fitting conductive fabrics.Embroidered fabrics allow for the design of intricate electrode patterns,while nonwoven fabrics are suitable for producing soft and breathable conductive fabrics.Additionally,physical and chemical modifications can enhance conductivity,waterproofing,and wear resistance.Methods such as in-situ polymerization,chemical plating,electroplating,surface spraying,and plasma modification can improve the conductivity and stability of fabrics.Moreover,fabric electrodes must meet testing standards for comfort,breathability,durability,waterproofness and sweat resistance to ensure effective transmission of cardiac signals,guaranteeing long-term use,and maintaining good conductivity and structural integrity even after multiple washings and prolonged use. Research advancements in fabric ECG electrodes include ECG sensor-based electronic textiles,ECG flexible electronic system design,self-powered wearable ECG,and ECG algorithm optimization.ECG sensor-based electronic textiles can integrate various sensors,such as ECG,body temperature,and motion sensors,enabling the simultaneous monitoring of multiple physiological parameters and providing more comprehensive health monitoring data.ECG flexible electronic systems use technologies such as flexible circuits and batteries,making the entire system lighter and more conforming to the body's curves,providing a more comfortable wearing experience.Self-powered wearable ECG systems include energy harvesting,energy management,and real-time ECG monitoring.The ECG algorithm is optimized for the characteristics of wearable devices to improve the accuracy of ECG signal acquisition and data processing efficiency,reduce noise and artifacts,and improve the reliability and accuracy of ECG monitoring.The development of fabric ECG electrodes has not only improved the portability and comfort of ECG monitoring but also brought new possibilities for health monitoring and medical diagnostics.关键词
织物电极/电子纺织品/心电监测/智能可穿戴Key words
fabric electrodes/e-textiles/ECG monitoring/smart wearable分类
轻工纺织引用本文复制引用
周金利,郑俊杰,王晨晓,熊帆,杨朝然,李云飞,樊蒙召..织物基可穿戴心电电极的研究进展[J].现代纺织技术,2025,33(4):92-104,13.基金项目
中国纺织工业联合会科技指导性项目(2021060) （2021060）
中原工学院学科青年硕导培养计划项目(SD202216) （SD202216）
中原工学院研究生科研创新计划项目(YKY2024ZK02) （YKY2024ZK02）
