中山大学学报（医学科学版）2025，Vol.46Issue(2)：210-220,11.
ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸防治阿尔茨海默病的研究进展
Research Progress on the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease with Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
摘要
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with aging,characterized by neurofibrillary tangles,accumulation of amyloid-β(Aβ)plaques,and neuronal death.These pathological changes lead to a gradual decline in cognitive function,ultimately impairing the ability to perform daily activities.Currently,treatment options for AD are limited,with pharmacological interventions often being ineffective and frequently accompanied by side effects.Therefore,the study of non-pharmacological therapies,especially nutritional interventions,has become particularly important.Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(ω-3PUFAs)are essential fatty acids crucial for health,primarily found in fish oil and certain plant oils.They play a key role in anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,neuroprotective,and immunomodulatory activities.Epidemiological evidence and clinical trials have shown that supplementation with ω-3PUFAs is associated with improved cognitive function,with particularly positive effects demonstrated in the use of docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA).This article reviews the role of ω-3PUFAs in AD and the latest advances in their mechanism of action,with a particular focus on their ability to reduce brain Aβ deposition and Tau protein phosphorylation,inhibit oxidative stress and neuroinflammation,maintain the integrity of the blood-brain barrier,and regulate energy metabolism.However,current research findings remain inconsistent,especially regarding the significant differences in effects among individuals with different genotypes.Therefore,future studies need to further explore the role of ω-3PUFAs in early intervention and optimize their dosage and formulations to achieve the best neuroprotective effects.Additionally,this article provides dietary recommendations and dosage suggestions based on existing research,hoping to offer new directions for the prevention and treatment of AD.关键词
阿尔茨海默病/ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸/神经保护/认知功能/非药物治疗Key words
Alzheimer's disease/omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids/neuroprotection/cognitive function/non-pharmacological treatment分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
孙晨枫,任彬彬..ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸防治阿尔茨海默病的研究进展[J].中山大学学报（医学科学版）,2025,46(2):210-220,11.基金项目
中医药传承与创新人才工程(仲景工程)(CZ0325-10) （仲景工程）
2022 年度河南省中医药拔尖人才培养项目专项课题(2022ZYBJ09) （2022ZYBJ09）
