环境工程学报2025，Vol.19Issue(3)：531-538,8.DOI:10.12030/j.cjee.202405123
七里海国家重要湿地环境污染评价及源解析
Environmental pollution assessment and source analysis of the Qilihai National Important Wetland
摘要
Abstract
In order to understand the current situation of the Qilihai National Important Wetland and support its ecological restoration,a comprehensive study was conducted from 2021 to 2022.The research involved water and soil environment investigation,assessment,and pollution tracing in key areas of the Qilihai Wetland.Results revealed that concentrations of seven indicators,including five-day biochemical oxygen demand,permanganate index,chemical oxygen demand,ammonia nitrogen,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and fluoride,exceeded by 1.61％～58.06％compared to Class Ⅴ standards specified in GB 3838.Overall,the comprehensive pollution level of the water quality was relatively good,with 59 sampling sites classified as qualified(with comprehensive pollution indices below 0.8),and one sampling site classified as polluted(with a comprehensive pollution index of 1.38).The nitrogen and phosphorus levels in the water were relatively high,with phosphorus being the limiting factor.The average concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were 2.79 and 0.29 mg·L-1,respectively.The average nitrogen phosphorus molar ratio was 37.76 and it showed no difference with historical monitoring results.The permanganate index showed a continuous downward trend,with an average concentration of 8.26 mg·L-1,reaching the lowest level since 2010.Literature research and on-site investigation indicated that the water quality of the Qilihai Wetland was mainly affected by the Chaobaixin River inflow.The wetland soil was relatively fertile,with potassium at the first-class level,total nitrogen and total phosphorus at the third-class level,and organic matter at the fourth-class level.The comprehensive potential ecological risk index for soil heavy metals was classified as slightly polluted.Mercury had the highest degree of variation,the highest geo-accumulation index(-0.346)and the highest potential ecological risk index(51.53).The geo-accumulation indices for other six heavy metals indicated a clean state.The sources of heavy metals in soil could be divided into two principal components,with high loadings for all metals in Principal Component 1(mercury,cadmium,lead,copper＞0.75)and high loadings for arsenic and chromium in Principal Component 2(arsenic,chromium＞0.75).This suggests that heavy metal pollution in the soil of the Qilihai Wetland may mainly originate from water replenishment of the Chaobaixin River(Principal Component 1),while arsenic and chromium are also affected by anthropogenic activities such as farmland cultivation or industrial production nearby.Overall,the water and soil quality of the Qilihai Wetland was still in a good condition.To further improve the water and soil environmental quality of the Qilihai Wetland,potential strategies such as establishing a replenishment pre-reservoir,selecting optimal water replenishment periods,supplementing high-quality replenishment water sources,or improving the micro-circulation capacity of the wetland water system could be considered,so as to enhance the water and soil quality of the Qilihai Wetland.Meanwhile,regular monitoring and evaluation is necessary to be conducted in the future.This study provides a comprehensive assessment for the environment status of the Qilihai National Important Wetland in the fields of water and soil,offering valuable insights for future ecological restoration and protection.关键词
七里海/国家重要湿地/污染评价/源解析/重金属Key words
Qilihai/national important wetland/pollution assessment/source apportionment/heavy metal分类
环境科学引用本文复制引用
岳昂,邢美楠,李慧,周滨,尤学一,刘红磊..七里海国家重要湿地环境污染评价及源解析[J].环境工程学报,2025,19(3):531-538,8.基金项目
科技基础资源调查专项(2021FY101000) （2021FY101000）
