大气科学学报2025，Vol.48Issue(2)：289-299,11.DOI:10.13878/j.cnki.dqkxxb.20240801001
极端暴雨过程对海河流域暴雨分布特征的影响
Influence of extreme rainstorms on the spatial distribution characteristics of rainfall in China's Haihe River basin
摘要
Abstract
Understanding the spatial distribution of rainfall within a river basin is fundamental for effective flood control and drainage management.Using the Haihe River basin in China as a case study,this research examines the impact of how extreme rainfall events on the spatial distribution of precipitation,which is critical for enhancing flood mitigation efforts and ensuring regional safety.To achieve this,daily rainfall data from 252 national meteoro-logical stations in the Haihe River basin from 1961 to 2023 were collected and processed to identify individual rain-fall events.Four key rainfall characteristics were selected for quantitative analysis:total rainfall days(Iday),cumula-tive rainfall(Ipre),average daily rainfall(I24pre),and longest continuous rainfall duration(Idur).These variables capture essential aspects of precipitation,including intensity,duration,and total accumulation.First,a comprehensive analysis of historical rainfall patterns in the Haihe River basin was conducted to establish a long-term spatial distri-bution baseline.Special focus was then placed on two highly representative extreme rainfall events,the"23.7"and"63.8"rainstorms,to examine their distinct spatial distribution characteristics.To further quantify their influence on overall rainfall distribution,a K-means clustering analysis was employed to explore internal data relationships.Final-ly,by comparing changes in rainfall characteristic after removing individual extreme rainfall events,the contribution of these events to the basin-wide spatial distribution of precipitation was quantitatively assessed. The results reveal that along a southwest-to-northeast axis in front of the Taihang Mountains,the historical dataset shows that although meteorological stations in this region experience relatively fewer total rainfall days(Iday),the cumulative rainfall(Ipre)is significantly high,indicating a concentration of extreme precipitation events.Comparing the two extreme rainstorms,the"23.7"event had a notably larger spatial coverage.During this event,o-ver half of the meteorological stations recorded at least 3 days of rainfall,with the longest continuous duration reac-hing 6 days.The maximum cumulative rainfall(Ipre)at a single station reached 1 009.7 mm,and the highest recor-ded average daily rainfall(I24pre)was 452.7 mm/d.Furthermore,the study finds that in the absence of the"23.7"and"63·8"extreme rainfall events,the spatial distribution of precipitation in the Haihe River basin would become more uniform.The originally complex distribution pattern of"mountainous area-piedmont plain-plain"would sim-plify to a"mountainous area-piedmont and plain"pattern.Notably,the contribution of a single extreme rainfall event to the overall basin-wide precipitation characteristics can exceed 10％,highlighting the significant role of ex-treme events in altering rainfall distribution patterns.The findings of this study provide valuable insights for updating flood control and drainage design standards.They also offer a scientific basis for policymakers and relevant authori-ties in formulating and adjusting flood management and disaster mitigation strategies.关键词
极端暴雨过程/海河流域/空间分布特征/聚类分析/贡献率Key words
extreme rainstorm event/Haihe River basin/spatial distribution characteristics/clustering analysis/contribution rate引用本文复制引用
程宸,房小怡,张硕,于瀛,杨舒楠,李雁,刘家宏,梅超..极端暴雨过程对海河流域暴雨分布特征的影响[J].大气科学学报,2025,48(2):289-299,11.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3090600) （2022YFC3090600）
湖北省自然科学基金联合基金项目(2023AFD106) （2023AFD106）
中国气象科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2023Z016) （2023Z016）
