大气科学学报2025，Vol.48Issue(2)：340-351,12.DOI:10.13878/j.cnki.dqkxxb.20240813001
通用航空气象灾害监测与预报预警技术新进展
Forecasting and early warning technology development for general aviation meteorological hazards
摘要
Abstract
General aviation(GA)has experienced significant growth in China since its formal definition in 1986.The enactment of the Civil Aviation Law of the People's Republic of China in 1995 further clarified GA as civil aviation activities outside public air transport,encompassing industrial,agricultural,humanitarian,and emer-gency services.This expansion has been driven by improvements in industry regulations,infrastructure develop-ment,and ongoing airspace reforms.However,meteorological services for GA remain a critical area for improve-ment. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake underscored the vital role of GA in disaster relief,despite limitations in communication and meteorological support.Since then,GA has expanded into various sectors,including tourism,mapping,and logistics,making substantial contributions to economic and social development.By the end of 2022,China had 399 registered GA airports and 3 186 aircraft,with projections indicating an increase to 500 airports and 4.5 million flight hours by 2025.This rapid growth necessitates enhanced meteorological services tailored to GA operations. Unlike commercial aviation,GA represents unique meteorological challenges due to diverse aircraft types,variable flight altitudes,and a heavy reliance on low-altitude weather conditions.These factors require highly lo-calized,precise meteorological forecasts.However,China's current GA meteorological infrastructure is limited by insufficient observational equipment,incomplete data coverage,and inadequate forecasting capabilities——partic-ularly for low-altitude operations. Internationally,significant advancements have been made in GA meteorological services.Numerical Weather Prediction(NWP)systems have improved through higher-resolution models and advanced data assimilation tech-niques.Observational technologies,such as Doppler radar and lidar,provide high-resolution data,enhancing forecast accuracy.Studies have demonstrated that advanced NWP systems and data assimilation techniques can significantly improve forecasts of small-scale weather phenomena,such as thunderstorms(Shun et al.,2009;Joe et al.,2022).Additionally,international efforts have focused on integrating multiple observational datasets and forecast models to provide comprehensive meteorological support for GA operations. In contrast,China's GA meteorological services remain underdeveloped.The current system lacks comprehen-sive observational networks,advanced forecasting capabilities,and efficient data-sharing platforms.Most GA air-ports have limited meteorological infrastructure,and available meteorological data are often insufficient for low-al-titude operations.To address these challenges,it is essential to develop high-resolution meteorological products,enhance observational capabilities,and establish a unified meteorological information-sharing platform for GA. This paper reviews the current state and future trends of GA meteorological services,both domestically and internationally.It identifies key meteorological hazards affecting GA safety,including low-altitude wind shear,tur-bulence,typhoons,low visibility,thunderstorms,icing,and precipitation.Furthermore,it discusses the development of a GA meteorological warning and forecasting system,emphasizing real-time data integration,multi-source data fusion,and user-friendly meteorological products. The proposed GA meteorological service system aims to provide real-time meteorological data,integrate ob-servational and forecasting capabilities,and offer personalized meteorological services for GA operations.This sys-tem will leverage modern technologies,including artificial intelligence,big data,and mobile applications,to en-hance meteorological support.Future efforts will focus on improving the spatial and temporal resolution of meteor-ological products,developing region-specific meteorological services,and enhancing data-sharing mechanisms through integrated platforms. In conclusion,developing advanced GA meteorological services is essential for ensuring the safe and efficient operation of GA in China.By learning from international experiences and adopting advanced technologies,China can significantly improve its GA meteorological capabilities,thereby enhancing industry development and mitiga-ting meteorological risks associated with GA operations.关键词
通用航空/气象灾害/预报预警/航空气象服务Key words
general aviation/meteorological disaster/forecasting and early warning/aviation meteorological serv-ices引用本文复制引用
吴昊,徐琪,曹阳,慕熙昱,王体健,严殊祺,杨华栋,花家嘉..通用航空气象灾害监测与预报预警技术新进展[J].大气科学学报,2025,48(2):340-351,12.基金项目
中国气象局雄安大气边界层重点开放实验室开放课题项目(2023LABL-B17) （2023LABL-B17）
江苏省气象局科研项目(ZD202413) （ZD202413）
中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2025J116) （CXFZ2025J116）
中国气象局城市气象重点开放实验室开放基金项目(LUM-2023-15) （LUM-2023-15）
北极阁基金项目(BJG202102) （BJG202102）
国家自然科学基金项目(42205197) （42205197）
