中国农业大学学报2025，Vol.30Issue(5)：53-71,19.DOI:10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2025.05.05
1994-2023年全国大豆审定品种主要农艺性状比较分析
Comparative analysis on the main traits of certified soybean varieties in China from 1994 to 2023
摘要
Abstract
To understand the evolution trends of the main agronomic traits of soybean varieties in three major soybean production regions of China from 1994 to 2023,with"soybean","breeding"and"variety"as keywords,the relevant literature from 1994 to 2023 was retrieved from CNKI.The traits of 1 011 soybean varieties in the three soybean production regions,namely northern spring soybeans,Huanghuai soybeans and southern soybeans,from 1994 to 2023 were obtained.The 100-seed weight,plant height,node number,branch number,pod number,growth period,yield,protein content and fat content were extracted and conducted comparative analysis.The results showed that:1)In the northern spring soybean production region,the breeding trend from 1994 to 1998 was mainly to increase the yield through increasing the node number;from 1999 to 2018,the yield was increased by increasing the node number and pod number;from 2019 to 2023,the breeding trend shifted to increasing the yield through increasing the branch number and pod number.In the Huanghuai soybean production region,the breeding trend from 1994 to 2023 was mainly to increase the yield by increasing the 100-seed weight and plant height.In the southern soybean production region,from 1994 to 2013,it was focused on extending the growth period and increasing the 100-seed weight to increase the yield;from 2014 to 2023,the breeding trend was to continue to increase the growth period and 100-seed weight,and also to increase the node number to promote the yield growth.2)The path analysis showed that in the northern spring soybean production region,the growth period had the greatest direct impact on yield,with a direct path coefficient(DPC)of 0.394;in the Huanghuai soybean production region,plant height had the greatest direct impact on yield,with a DPC of 0.215;in the southern soybean production region,pod number had the greatest direct impact on yield,with a DPC of 0.403.3)The principal component analysis showed that the overall variance contribution rates of the approved soybean varieties in the three soybean production regions were 68.64％,64.45％and 64.94％,respectively.In the northern spring soybean production region,the node number had the highest contribution rate;in the Huanghuai soybean production region,plant height had the highest contribution rate;in the southern soybean production region,the node number had the highest contribution rate.In summary,the increase in yield in northern spring soybean producing region is mainly achieved through the synergistic effect of multiple factors,with different emphasis on the inner side at different time periods;The yield increase in the Huanghuai soybean production region is mainly achieved by increasing 100-seed weight and plant height;The southern soybean production region mainly increases yield by prolonging the growth period and increasing the 100-seed weight.关键词
大豆/农艺性状/品种/区域/产量Key words
soybean/agronomic traits/variety/region/yield分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
段明威,陈健,侯云龙,邱红梅,陈亮,崔正果,王跃强,刘德泉..1994-2023年全国大豆审定品种主要农艺性状比较分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2025,30(5):53-71,19.基金项目
吉林省农业科技创新工程(CXGC2024RCB001) （CXGC2024RCB001）
