北京林业大学学报2025，Vol.47Issue(4)：103-116,14.DOI:10.12171/j.1000-1522.20240228
晋西黄土区典型人工林与天然林林下植被物种多样性差异及其影响因素
Differences and influencing factors of understory vegetation species diversity between typical plantations and natural forests in the loess area of western Shanxi Province,northern China
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Long-term vegetation restoration in the loess area of western Shanxi Province of northern China has significantly improved the ecological environment.However,the factors influencing understory vegetation diversity following the restoration of different tree species remained unclear.This study aimed to explore the differences in species diversity of understory vegetation between typical plantations and Quercus liaotungensis secondary forests,to reveal the regulatory effects of stand growth parameters and soil properties on herb layer diversity,and to provide a scientific basis for vegetation restoration and ecosystem management in the Loess Plateau.[Method]Random plots of typical plantations(Pinus tabuliformis forest,Platycladus orientalis forest,and Robinia pseudoacacia forest)and natural forests(Quercus liaotungensis secondary forest)in the loess area of western Shanxi Province were selected as study sites.Stand growth parameters(biomass,plant height,crown width,cluster diameter,etc.)and soil properties(bulk density,porosity,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available nutrients,etc.)were measured.The α-diversity and β-diversity of understory vegetation in 2017,2020,and 2023 were calculated.Principal component analysis,correlation analysis,and redundancy analysis(RDA)were employed to identify the driving factors of diversity.[Result](1)The α diversity index of herb layer in Pinus tabuliformis forest and Platycladus orientalis forest was relatively stable,and their Simpson index were significantly higher than that in Quercus liaotungensis secondary forest(P＜0.05).(2)The species diversity of herb layer in Quercus liaotungensis secondary forest was significantly lower than that in plantations,but the average biomass and crown width of understory vegetation were the highest,indicating that competition from dominant species suppressed diversity.(3)The soil quality of four stands improved steadily under long-term vegetation restoration.Soil total potassium was significantly negatively correlated with PIE index(r=-0.334,P＜0.01)and Margalef index(r=-0.394,P＜0.01).(4)Herb canopy(contribution rate of 24.6％)and belowground biomass(contribution rate of 20.9％)were identified as the primary factors driving the decline in diversity.[Conclusion]Plantations can optimize understory vegetation diversity by regulating soil nutrient balance,while Q.liaotungensis secondary forests require moderate disturbance to alleviate competition from dominant species.These findings provide theoretical support and practical guidance for vegetation restoration and biodiversity maintenance in the Loess Plateau.关键词
黄土高原/林下植被/多样性指数/植被恢复Key words
the Loess Plateau/understory vegetation/diversity index/vegetation restoration分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
王宇宁,冯天骄,孙龙,刘茜茹,刘亚博,王平..晋西黄土区典型人工林与天然林林下植被物种多样性差异及其影响因素[J].北京林业大学学报,2025,47(4):103-116,14.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(42371114),国家生态科学数据中心开放基金项目(NESDC20210201),中国科学院退化生态系统植被恢复与管理重点实验室开放基金(VRMDF2303). （42371114）
