草业学报2025，Vol.34Issue(4)：38-52,15.DOI:10.11686/cyxb2024207
氮肥周年优化对灌区饲用小黑麦-青贮玉米复种系统生产力的影响
Optimization of annual nitrogen fertilizer application to increase the productivity of a forage triticale-silage maize multiple cropping system in an irrigated area
摘要
Abstract
At present,there is a shortage of seasonal green feed in Ningxia,despite the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer.This situation is indicative of an imbalance between grassland and livestock development in this region.To address this issue,we explored the suitability of a multiple cropping model of forage triticale-silage maize for autumn sowing with different levels of nitrogen fertilizer applied annually.The experiment had a single factor randomized block design.Triticale and silage maize were sown in autumn and subjected to five different fertilization treatments,namely N,(0 kg·ha-1,CK),N2(150 kg·ha-1),N3(300 kg·ha-1),N4(450 kg·ha-1),andN5(600 kg·ha-1).The effects of these fertilization treatments on the performance,nutrient quality,and nitrogen-use efficiency of the multiple cropping system were determined.The results showed that the annual nitrogen application rate had significant effects on the plant height,stem diameter,chlorophyll content(measured as SPAD value),dry matter accumulation,yield,and quality of triticale and maize in the multiple cropping system.The growth indexes and dry matter accumulation of both triticale and maize gradually increased during the growth period,reaching peak values in triticale at the flowering stage,and in maize at the filling stage.As the nitrogen application rate increased,the growth indexes and dry matter accumulation showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.The highest values of growth indexes and dry matter were in the N4 treatment.In terms of overall performance,the treatments were ranked as follows:N4＞N5＞N3＞N2＞N1.The yield of fresh grass in the multiple cropping system increased gradually as the annual nitrogen application rate increased.The maximum yield in the N5 treatment was 156.8 t·ha-1,which was 61.3％higher than that in the control.The hay yield in the N4 treatment was 39.1 t·ha-1,which was 45.9％higher than that in the control.The recovery of applied N in forage was 31.9％,30.2％,27.3％and 18.5％for N2,N3,N4 and N5 treatments,respectively.The nitrogen application rate significantly affected the nutritional quality of forage,with the highest values in the N4 treatment.The contents of crude protein(CP)and crude fat in the triticale forage,corn silage,and the whole cropping system were significantly higher in the N4 treatment than in the other treatments.The CP contents in triticale forage,corn silage,and the whole cropping system were 33.7％,11.2％,and 31.8％higher,respectively,in the N4 treatment than in the control,but the acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents were significantly reduced.The nutrient indexes had optimal values in the N4 treatment.Fertilizer yield response and economic response equations were derived and from these the maximum yield response was predicted to occur at an N application rate of 560 kg·ha-1and the maximum economic response at 584 kg·ha-1.These results provide data for the theoretical optimization of forage yield in multiple cropping cultivation systems.关键词
氮肥周年优化/灌区/饲草/复种系统/生产力Key words
annual optimization of nitrogen fertilizer/irrigation area/forage grass/multiple cropping system/productivity引用本文复制引用
张晓娟,魏娇娇,陈彩锦,李雪雪,马宏秀,李凯,陈永伟,孙权..氮肥周年优化对灌区饲用小黑麦-青贮玉米复种系统生产力的影响[J].草业学报,2025,34(4):38-52,15.基金项目
宁夏自然科学基金资助项目(2023AAC03441)和宁夏大学校地合作科技示范项目《麦属饲草-青贮玉米一年两熟水肥一体化高产高效栽培技术研究与示范》(NXXDHZ202316)资助. （2023AAC03441）
