管理工程学报2025，Vol.39Issue(3)：104-118,15.DOI:10.13587/j.cnki.jieem.2025.03.008
事与"愿"违:默认选择对用户隐私披露意愿的反默认效应
Things that go against one's will:The anti-default effect of default choices on users' intention to disclose privacy
摘要
Abstract
In the digital economy,the privacy of users' data is becoming an essential element of business success.For example,Amazon,Spotify,Tencent,and other enterprises adopt artificial intelligence technology to combine user privacy data with business practices' upstream and downstream context to control consumers' choices.However,under the double pressure of privacy public events and laws,it is becoming increasingly difficult for companies to collect private information from users.To obtain user information,enterprises commonly set up an information authorization interface when users enter the platform.In particular,many platforms adopt a privacy choice option mode.That is,when providing sets of options to users,they intentionally set authorization options such as"allow"and"agree"as their defaults to guide users to disclose their privacy disclosure intentions. This study focuses on the impact of the presentation of authorization options on users' willingness to disclose privacy.Based on the theory of persuasion knowledge,the authors explore how and why the privacy choice options(default choice:with vs.none)affect users' intention to disclose privacy.Through 5 experiments,the results showed that compared with the display mode without default choice options,the display mode with default choice options led to lower privacy disclosure intention because users feel that the default behaviour of the platform has a commercial purpose through their persuasion knowledge and thus have the feeling of being manipulated and then have psychological resistance to the default choice behaviour of the platform.The study calls this the anti-default effect of privacy choice.Furthermore,the researchers found that cognitive load moderated the impact of the presentation of choice options on privacy disclosure intentions.Specifically,when users are under low cognitive load,the anti-default effect of privacy choice still exists.This effect is weakened when the user is under a high cognitive load. This paper has three theoretical contributions.First,it reveals the negative impact of default choice on privacy disclosure from a new perspective of privacy choice options.In past studies,scholars mainly focused on the impact of the interpretation of privacy authorization content on users' privacy disclosure intention.For example,previous studies examined the context of whether the platform provides a privacy explanation and the sensitivity of authorization information.However,these studies ignored the possible impact of authorization options,another key element of the authorization interface.To address this problem,this paper focuses on the impact of privacy choice options on users' willingness to disclose privacy and proves that default choice will reduce users' willingness to disclose privacy. Second,this paper explores the mechanism of the presentation of authorization options on the intention to disclose privacy,which is helpful in promoting the literature on anti-default effects.First,default options are often used in economic decision-making and public policy areas and often show default effects.This study extends it to the field of privacy decisions and discusses the possible influence of the presentation method of default choice in the field of privacy.Second,the mechanisms of the default and anti-default effects are still different.The research states that users will have different perceptions of default options under different situations based on their inner persuasion knowledge.If users have negative perceptions,the anti-default effect is more likely to occur.The default effect is more likely to occur if the user has a positive perception.Finally,previous studies have put forwards corresponding views on how default options affect individual perception,such as perceived meaning changes,attention limitations,and processing limitations.Based on the theory of persuasion knowledge,the research proposes that the default option will make users perceive that they are being manipulated,thus generating psychological resistance to the platform and affecting users' willingness to disclose their private information.This finding on the mechanism also corresponds to some scholars' views on the anti-default effect of charitable donations. Finally,this paper explores the boundary conditions of cognitive load on users' willingness to disclose privacy,which echoes the topic of user cognition in the context of current information overload.Cognitive load has been widely considered in consumer behaviour research,such as consumer choice and sponsorship.However,no research has paid attention to privacy disclosure.In this study,it is proposed that when cognitive load is low,the impact of stimulus information on users' willingness to disclose privacy will not be affected.When the cognitive load is high,the influence of stimulus information on users' willingness to disclose privacy will be weakened.This finding makes up for the gap in cognitive load in the field of privacy disclosure to some extent.It promotes the understanding of when and why users' privacy disclosure behaviour changes.关键词
隐私披露/默认选项/感知被操纵/心理抗拒/认知负荷Key words
Privacy disclosure/Default option/Perception manipulated/Psychological resistance/The cognitive load分类
管理科学引用本文复制引用
朱国玮,罗映宇,陆金凤,高文丽..事与"愿"违:默认选择对用户隐私披露意愿的反默认效应[J].管理工程学报,2025,39(3):104-118,15.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(71871089) The National Natural Science Foundation of China(71871089) （71871089）
