口腔疾病防治2025，Vol.33Issue(5)：409-416,8.DOI:10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.202440305
间充质干细胞外泌体对牙周炎中辅助性T细胞的调控作用
Regulation of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on helper T cells in periodontitis
摘要
Abstract
T helper cells(Th cells)play an important role in periodontitis.During the progression of periodontitis,the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as INF-γ and IL-17,which are produced by Th1 and Th17 cells,are ele-vated,while the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4 and TGF-β,which are secreted by Th2 cells and reg-ulatory T cells(Tregs),are diminished.Interventions using mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)or their exosomes can alter the dynamics of helper T cell populations and their associated cytokine profiles,thereby mitigating the bone loss associ-ated with periodontitis or even promoting bone regeneration.Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(MSC-exos)have been shown to directly modulate Th cell activity through the proteins and microRNAs they transport.Recent studies in-dicate that MSC-exos carry immune-suppressive protein molecules:PD-L1 and IDO contribute to regulating the balance between Th17 and Tregs;TGF-β inhibits the proliferation of T lymphocytes while facilitating differentiation into Tregs by sustaining forkhead box protein O3(FOXP3)and Smad expression;and CD73 catalyzes the conversion of monophos-phate adenosine into adenosine,which interacts with A2A receptors on Th1 cells to induce apoptosis in Th1 cells.In ad-dition,microRNAs exhibit immunoregulatory functions:periodontal ligament stem cell-derived exosomes contain miRNA-155-5p,which targets sirtuin-1 to suppress Th17 cell differentiation.Furthermore,evidence in rat models of periodonti-tis suggests that these exosomes may also carry miR-205-5p targeting XBP1 to restore the balance between Th17 and Tregs.Dental pulp stem cell-derived exosomes reestablish this balance via the miR-1246/Nfat5 axis.Bone marrow mes-enchymal stem cell-derived exosomes harbor miR-1246,which targets ACE2 to promote differentiation towards Tregs.Moreover,MSC-exos can indirectly enhance the differentiation of Tregs through interactions with other immune entities,such as antigen-presenting cells or macrophages.This article reviews the changes and roles of helper T cells in peri-odontitis,as well as the regulatory role of exosomes on helper T cells,hoping to provide new ideas for immunotherapy in the treatment of periodontitis.关键词
牙周炎/辅助性T细胞/细胞因子/转录因子/间充质干细胞/外泌体/免疫调节/微小RNAsKey words
periodontitis/T helper cells/cytokines/transcription factors/mesenchymal stem cells/exosomes/im-munomodulation/microRNAs分类
口腔医学引用本文复制引用
温雨琪,郭淑娟,丁一..间充质干细胞外泌体对牙周炎中辅助性T细胞的调控作用[J].口腔疾病防治,2025,33(5):409-416,8.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(82071121) This study was supported by the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82071121). （82071121）
