海相油气地质2025，Vol.30Issue(2)：97-109,13.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-9854.2025.02.001
中国三大古老海相克拉通盆地新元古界—古生界沉积新模式及勘探意义
New sedimentary models and their exploration significance of the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic in the three ancient marine cratonic basins of China
摘要
Abstract
With the continuous expansion of oil and gas exploration into ultra-deep and ancient strata in the three major marine cratonic basins,challenges such as unclear favorable exploration zones have emerged.Therefore it is imperative to deepen research on depositional models for critical geological periods.Based on the summary of the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic tectonic-sedimentary differential evolution characteristics of the three major basins,this paper analyzes the controlling effects of tectonic differentiation on sedimentary evolution.It is pointed out that the three ancient marine cratonic basins exhibit a tectonic differentiation pattern of"rift-depression-uplift",driving carbonate platforms undergoing an evolutionary cycle of"isolated platform-ramp-rimmed platform",and the formation and evolution of rifts control the sedimentary differentiation of platforms and the similarity of the vertical sourced-reservoer-cap assemblages.Four new models of carbonate sedimentation were established:"multi-type platform margins"and"double shoals"ramp models,carbonate-gypsum/salt symbiotic system model,fault terrace platform margin model of Dengying Formation in Sichuan Basin,and continuously expanding platform margin sedimentary model of Cambrian in Tarim Basin.The"multi-type platform margins"and"double shoals"ramp model reveal that the continental margin and rift margin,depression margin,paleo-uplift of inner ramp and lagoon periphery are favorable mound-shoal development areas.The carbonate-gypsum/salt symbiotic system model reveals that the margin of the paleo-uplift during transgression period is a favorable shoal development area.The fault terrace platform margin sedimentary model indicates that multiple syndepositional fault systems control the formation of step-like platform margins of the 2nd member of Dengying Formation in Sichuan Basin,with thick mound-shoal complexes developed on high fault blocks.The continuous extension platform margin sedimentary model reveals that the Cambrian platform margin belt of Lunnan-Gucheng area in Tarim Basin has undergone the evolution of mud-rich ramp→low-angle progradational ramp/weakly rimmed platform→vertically aggrading platform→laterally prograding rimmed platform.The new understanding of carbonate sedimentary models confirms that the mound-shoal belts around the paleo-rift of the three ancient marine craton basins are still important areas for increasing oil and gas reserves and ensuring resource succession.In addition,new fields such as gravity flow deposits in slope facies and marlstones in evaporative lagoon facies are worthy of exploration.The establishment of the new models of carbonate sedimentation strongly supports the deployment of oil and gas exploration,and also provides a new direction and ideas for future exploration.关键词
海相克拉通/构造-沉积演化/碳酸盐岩/沉积模式/新元古界—古生界/勘探领域Key words
marine craton/tectonic-depositional evolution/carbonate rock/sedimentary model/Neoproterozoic-Paleo-zoic/exploration area分类
石油、天然气工程引用本文复制引用
郑剑锋,朱永进,张本健,孙崇浩,李文正,吴东旭,周进高..中国三大古老海相克拉通盆地新元古界—古生界沉积新模式及勘探意义[J].海相油气地质,2025,30(2):97-109,13.基金项目
本文受中国石油"十四五"攻关性应用性重大科技专项"碳酸盐岩油气富集规律及有利区带研究"(编号:2023ZZ1601)和中国石油"十四五"前瞻性基础性重大科技专项"叠合盆地中下组合油气成藏与保持机制研究"(编号:2023ZZ02)联合资助 （编号:2023ZZ1601）
