矿床地质2025，Vol.44Issue(2)：389-412,24.DOI:10.16111/j.0258-7106.2025.02.008
碳酸岩成岩成矿作用熔体包裹体研究进展综述
A review of advances in melt inclusion studies on petrogenesis and mineralization of carbonatites
摘要
Abstract
Mantle-derived carbonatites provide insights into the long-term evolution of the mantle and the deep carbon cycle of the Earth while also harboring abundant strategic critical metals and non-metal resources such as rare earth elements,niobium,phosphorus,and fluorine.Due to their low viscosity and high volatile content,carbon-atites typically undergo intense fractional crystallization and post-magmatic hydrothermal alteration during em-placement,making preserving information about the magmatic processes difficult.Study on melt inclusions is an effective way to decipher carbonatite's initial composition and evolution.This article briefly describes the basic characteristics of carbonatites and the research methods of melt inclusions,focusing on reviewing the advance-ments in the study of melt inclusions in the petrogenesis and mineralization of carbonatites.Inclusion studies indi-cate carbonatites can form by fractional crystallization of CO2-rich alkaline silicate melts and liquid immiscibility of carbonate-silicate melts.Their initial melts are alkali-rich,and alkali loss occurs during emplacement,forming alkali-poor carbonatites.The immiscibility of carbonate-(silicate)-multiphase saline melts is an important reason for the diversity of carbonatite lithologies.The content of volatiles such as calcium,alkalis,and CO2 affects the extent and range of the aforementioned immiscibility processes.Elements like rare earth elements(REE)prefer-entially enter carbonate or phosphate melts during two-phase or multiphase immiscibility,influencing the geo-chemical characteristics and mineral potential of carbonatites.Melt inclusions offer significant advantages in ex-ploring the composition of carbonatite melts and retracing magmatic evolution and mineralization processes,and thus,they deserve focused attention.关键词
碳酸岩/熔体包裹体/分离结晶/液态不混溶/岩浆成因演化/成矿作用Key words
carbonatites/melt inclusions/fractional crystallization/liquid immiscibility/origin and evolu-tion of magmas/ore-forming process分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
白杨,宋文磊,杨金昆,许丹妮,宋来阳,徐扬..碳酸岩成岩成矿作用熔体包裹体研究进展综述[J].矿床地质,2025,44(2):389-412,24.基金项目
本文得到国家自然科学基金科研项目(编号:42473074、42273070)资助 （编号:42473074、42273070）
