林业科学研究2025，Vol.38Issue(2)：23-33,11.DOI:10.12403/j.1001-1498.20240318
海南热带雨林国家公园马占相思人工林快速转型天然林研究初报
A Preliminary Report on the Rapid Transformation of Acacia mangium Plantations into Natural Forests in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]This study aims to explore the technical measures and their effectiveness in rapidly transforming 27-year-old Acacia mangium plantations into natural forests within Hainan Tropical Rain-forest National Park,providing technical support for the broader application of plantation-to-natural forest transformation within the park.[Methods]Representative Acacia mangiumplantations in the general control zone of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park were selected for study.Tree-trunk girdling was applied to the Acacia mangium trees(except for control plots).Three monitoring plots were established to conduct follow-up investigations on tree mortality and natural regeneration.The study analyzed changes in tree species composition and species diversity within the stands.[Results]①Sixteen months after tree-trunk girdling,all Acacia mangium trees in the plantations died and stood upright as dead snags in the upper layer of the canopy in the transformed natural forest,with snag densities of 152 trees per hectare,272 trees per hectare and 288 trees per hectare,respectively.②The canopy closure of the transformed natural forests was above 0.85,with average DBH(diameter at breast height),average tree height,number of trees per hectare,and stock volume per hectare being 10.6 cm,11.8 m,2,264 trees per hectare,and 115.1 m3 per hectare,respectively,for one site;9.1 cm,10.7 m,1,424 trees per hectare,and 48.5 trees per hectare for another site;and 11.5 cm,13.2 m,1,344 trees per hectare,and 86.5 m3 per hectare for the other site.The diameter class structure of the trees exhibited characteristics of uneven-aged forests.③The live trees in both the canopy and shrub layers of the transformed natural forests were mainly composed of native species naturally regenerated and established in the original Acacia mangium plantations before transformation.The densities of ingress trees in the canopy layer with DBH≥5 cm were 144,224,and 152 trees per hectare,respectively.In the shrub layer(including saplings with plant height≥150 cm),the densityies were 728,1,128,and 960 trees per hectare,respectively.④Tree-trunk girdling did not cause damage or mortality to natural trees in the canopy layer but caused damage or mortality to natural trees in the shrub layer with densities of 1 612,and 160 trees per hectare,respectively.⑤After transformation,species richness in the arbor layer(including both arbor and shrub species)in the natural forests was 51,41,and 34,with Shan-non-Wiener indices of 4.96,3.95,and 3.63,and evenness indices of 0.87,0.74,and 0.71,respectively.Evergreen tree species dominated,contributing 78.1%,84.4%,and 78.9%to the important value,and 80.6%,85.4%,and 86.9%of the total tree numbers.In the shrub layer,species richness was 73,86,and 93,with Shannon-Wiener indices of 3.59,4.53,and 3.90,and evenness indices of 0.58,0.71,and 0.60,respectively.Evergreen arbor species also dominated,contributing 49.2%,49.9%,and 41.2%to the important value,and 33.4%,42.3%,and 32.5%to the total number of trees.[Conclusion]Sixteen months after tree-trunk girdling,all Acacia mangium trees in the 27-year-old plantations had died,and the plantations had successfully transformed into natural forests of the zonal vegetation type.These newly formed forests exhibited rich species diversity and distinct uneven-aged forest structure,containing a considerable number of precious or high-value tree species.Tree-trunk girdling is one of the important technical measures that can be promoted and applied to facilitate the rapid transformation of plantations into natural forests within Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park.关键词
树干环剥/马占相思人工林/乡土树种/天然林转型/树种组成与物种多样性Key words
trunk girdling/Acacia mangium plantation/native tree species/transformation to natural forests/species composition and species diversity分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
王少杰,严铭海,黄清麟,彭文成,廖立国,黄士绮,宋磊..海南热带雨林国家公园马占相思人工林快速转型天然林研究初报[J].林业科学研究,2025,38(2):23-33,11.基金项目
海南国家公园研究院科研项目(KY-22ZK03) （KY-22ZK03）
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金重点项目(CAFYBB2023ZA007) （CAFYBB2023ZA007）
